Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021 Sep;67(6):801-815. doi: 10.1177/0020764020969740. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
The economic crisis' effects on suicide rates for countries undergoing or exiting austerity measures have been widely debated. This integrative review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize available evidence of employment status effect on suicide mortality rates in Greece during the recent economic recession period.
A literature review of studies evaluating suicides in the general Greek population, as well as across age and gender groups, in relation to employment during the economic crisis period was performed. PubMed electronic database was searched for relevant articles published in English or Greek language from 2009 up to February 2020. Appraisal was carried out based on the Hierarchy of Evidence Rating System and the GRADE guidelines.
A total of 24 articles met all inclusion criteria with 20 of them at level IV, 2 at level VII, and 2 at level VIII. A total of 18 studies reported increase of suicide rates during the economic recession period. About 12 studies examined the co-relation between unemployment and suicide rate, with ten studies showing a positive correlation. Moreover, thirteen studies reported data on the effect of gender and age variables on suicide rates.
Evidence shows that suicide mortality rates in Greece increased after the eruption of economic recession, particularly after the implementation of radical austerity measures (2011-2014). This increase was positively correlated with unemployment and was more prominent among males of working age. Further in depth epidemiological research of regional variations in terms of profile and contributing or enabling factors of suicidal behavior is needed.
经济危机对实施或退出紧缩措施的国家自杀率的影响已被广泛讨论。本综合评价旨在确定、评估和综合现有证据，以了解在最近的经济衰退期间，就业状况对希腊自杀死亡率的影响。
对评估希腊一般人群、不同年龄和性别组在经济危机期间与就业相关的自杀情况的研究进行了文献回顾。从 2009 年至 2020 年 2 月，在 PubMed 电子数据库中以英文或希腊文检索相关文章。根据证据分级系统和 GRADE 指南进行评估。
共有 24 篇文章符合所有纳入标准，其中 20 篇为 IV 级，2 篇为 VII 级，2 篇为 VIII 级。共有 18 项研究报告称，在经济衰退期间自杀率上升。约有 12 项研究调查了失业与自杀率之间的相关性，其中 10 项研究显示出正相关。此外，13 项研究报告了性别和年龄变量对自杀率的影响的数据。
证据表明，希腊的自杀死亡率在经济衰退爆发后有所上升，特别是在激进的紧缩措施（2011-2014 年）实施后。这种增长与失业呈正相关，在工作年龄的男性中更为明显。需要进一步深入的流行病学研究，以了解自杀行为的特征、促成因素或促成因素在区域上的差异。
