Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Biology, CNRST Labeled Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, ChouaibDoukkali University, BP 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco.
Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Fez, Morocco.
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2024 Dec;26(6):1350-1366. doi: 10.1007/s10126-024-10376-y. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
The Atlantic coastline of El-Jadida, Morocco, is renowned for its plentiful algae, especially brown seaweed, which is rich in active compounds known for their antifungal properties. This valuable resource offers an exciting opportunity to tackle the numerous challenges posed by invasive fungal infections, allergies, mycotoxin-related food poisoning, and drug-resistant strains. Underscoring the urgent need to explore alternative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly antifungal agents derived from algae. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of total alkaloids and phenolic-rich fractions derived from seven species of Pheophyceae: Sargassum muticum, Sargassum vulgare, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Cystoseira tamariscifolia, Cystoseira humilis, Laminaria ochroleuca, and Fucus spiralis against four fungi: airborne toxigenic isolates of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Chaetomium globosum as well as nosocomial opportunistic isolates of Aspergillus nidulans and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The study also aimed to identify the most effective alga and its specific active compounds through LC-MS and GC-MS analysis. The invasive Sargassum muticum was chosen as the most potent alga in inhibiting the growth of mycelium. For the first time, the alkaloids palmatine and jatrorrhizine, along with caulerpin, have been identified. The chloroform fraction revealed the prevalence of phenolic compounds including, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phlorotannins. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), with a maximum fungal load of 10 colony-forming unit (CFU), recorded ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 μg/mL by the phenolic-rich fraction against airborne toxigenic isolates, and from 100 to 200 μg/mL against nosocomial opportunistic isolates by the total alkaloids. In comparison, the positive control, ketoconazole, showed higher MICs and resistance against A. nidulans. The valorization of Sargassum muticum is proposed as a green strategy to preserve the ecological balance, combat antifungal resistance, and address public health challenges.
摩洛哥的杰迪达大西洋海岸线以其丰富的藻类而闻名，尤其是富含活性化合物的褐藻，这些化合物具有抗真菌特性。这一宝贵资源为解决由真菌入侵、过敏、真菌毒素相关的食物中毒以及抗药性菌株引起的众多挑战提供了一个令人兴奋的机会。这凸显了迫切需要探索来自藻类的替代、可持续和环保的抗真菌剂。本研究旨在评估七种褐藻（马尾藻属、鼠尾藻属、二叉分岐藻属、马尾藻属、泡叶藻属、昆布属和旋毛藻属）的总生物碱和富含酚类的馏分对四种真菌（空气中的产毒菌 Aspergillus westerdijkiae 和 Chaetomium globosum 以及院内机会性病原体 Aspergillus nidulans 和 Scopulariopsis brevicaulis）的抗真菌活性。研究还旨在通过 LC-MS 和 GC-MS 分析鉴定最有效的藻类及其特定的活性化合物。选择入侵性马尾藻属作为最有效的藻类来抑制菌丝生长。首次鉴定出生物碱巴马汀和小檗碱以及海角藻素。氯仿馏分中存在酚类化合物，包括酚酸、类黄酮和岩藻黄质。最低抑菌浓度（MIC）最低，真菌负荷最高为 10 个菌落形成单位（CFU），富含酚类的馏分对空气中的产毒菌的 MIC 范围为 3.12 至 6.25 μg/mL，总生物碱对院内机会性病原体的 MIC 范围为 100 至 200 μg/mL。相比之下，阳性对照酮康唑对 A. nidulans 的 MIC 更高，且具有抗药性。建议将马尾藻属进行增值，作为一种绿色策略，以维持生态平衡、对抗抗真菌耐药性并应对公共卫生挑战。
