Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ksiecia Janusza 64, 01-452, Warsaw, Poland.
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 90 Vasylkivska Str, Kiev, 03022, Ukraine.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Oct 10;196(11):1041. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13194-w.
This study identifies factors influencing spatial and temporal variations in magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in soils and airborne particulate matter within the Kyiv megapolis, Ukraine, and highlights how source apportionment differs in the long and short run. Topsoil magnetic susceptibility anomalies of > 70 × 10 mkg are observed around old factories. The tree bark magnetic susceptibility map provides a record of industry general low emissions for the last 2-3 decades. The patterns of both spatial distributions confirm that factory emissions dominate the composition of particulate falling on the ground in urban area, with exclusion of streets with heavy traffic. Enhanced concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn have been found in urban soils, showing a positive correlation with magnetic susceptibility. Re-suspended road dust dominates temporal variation of particulate matter magnetic susceptibility collected on air filters. The air at busy streets is cleaner in winter, when the street dust gets immobilized by snow cover or freezing. Industries in Kyiv pose no significant effect on air quality; the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb are at normal urban level with the exception of the near vicinity to factories. Air in streets with heavy traffic is enriched with Fe and Mn. Principal component analysis reveals different pattern of air pollution for the busy streets and yard areas. Yards are less affected by road dust; thus, contribution of industrial emissions can be distinguished. The results provide context for further quantification of any alterations in ecological state of Kyiv megapolis that may have arisen from socio-economic shocks and direct threats connected to the current war.
本研究确定了影响乌克兰基辅大都市土壤和空气颗粒物中磁化率和重金属含量时空变化的因素，并强调了源解析在长期和短期的差异。在旧工厂周围观察到土壤磁化率异常值>70×10 mkg。树皮磁化率图记录了过去 2-3 十年工业总体低排放的情况。这两种空间分布模式都证实了工厂排放物主导了城市地区降落在地面上的颗粒物的组成，不包括交通繁忙的街道。城市土壤中发现 Cu、Ni 和 Zn 的浓度增强，与磁化率呈正相关。再悬浮的道路灰尘主导了在空气过滤器上收集的颗粒物磁化率的时间变化。在冬季，当街道灰尘被积雪或冻结固定时，繁忙街道上的空气更加清洁。基辅的工业对空气质量没有显著影响；Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd 和 Pb 的浓度处于正常城市水平，除了靠近工厂的地方。交通繁忙的街道空气中富含 Fe 和 Mn。主成分分析揭示了繁忙街道和庭院区域空气污染的不同模式。庭院受道路灰尘的影响较小；因此，可以区分工业排放的贡献。研究结果为进一步量化可能由于当前战争带来的社会经济冲击和直接威胁而导致的基辅大都市生态状况的任何变化提供了背景。
