Raina Varghese, Ajith Y, Adithya Sasi, Anandu S, Athira N, Athira K S, Preena P, Vinodkumar K, Manju K Mathew, Mahima C S, Akshaya Jose, Alby B Bruce, Nafis Ayshin, Arshana A, Tini Joby, Anandu P Asok, Devi Gopinath, Arun George, Ajithkumar S
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, 680651, India.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, 680651, India.
Acta Parasitol. 2024 Dec;69(4):2073-2082. doi: 10.1007/s11686-024-00932-w. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Benign theileriosis, caused by the members of the Theileria orientalis complex, can develop fatal clinical outbreaks characterized by acute respiratory manifestation in stressful conditions. This report describes the molecular diagnosis and clinical management of a recently transported buffalo calf with severe Theileria buffeli infection and associated acute pneumonia. A five-month-old male buffalo calf having an inter-state travel history three days back was presented with pyrexia, anorexia, weakness, mucoid rhinorrhoea, dyspnoea and diarrhoea from the day of procurement. The history and physical examination revealed a clinical presentation similar to shipping fever. Whereas, severe parasitemia of Theileria spp. with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and granulopenia were evident on laboratory investigation. The Theileria spp. infection was confirmed by PCR method using specific primers and the authentication was made by detailed sequence analysis. The small subunit rRNA was amplified using universal apicomplexan primers and the phylogenetic analysis was carried out for further characterisation. The animal was stabilized by steroid nebulization therapy and the specific chemotherapy was instigated using buparvaquone and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination. Supportive medications like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, antidiarrhoeals and vitamins were provided symptomatically. The animal showed a good response to therapy and recovered from parasitemia by day 10 and the molecular clearance was later confirmed on day 70 of therapy. The present case of Theileria buffeli infected buffalo calf with acute respiratory signs points towards the possible hemoparasitic outbreaks in transport-stressed animals with the signs of shipping fever-associated syndrome.
由东方泰勒虫复合体成员引起的良性泰勒虫病，在应激条件下可引发以急性呼吸道症状为特征的致命性临床暴发。本报告描述了一头近期运输的水牛犊严重感染水牛泰勒虫及相关急性肺炎的分子诊断和临床处理情况。一头五个月龄的雄性水牛犊，三天前有跨州运输史，自购入当天起出现发热、厌食、虚弱、黏液性鼻漏、呼吸困难和腹泻症状。病史和体格检查显示临床表现类似于运输热。而实验室检查发现泰勒虫属严重虫血症，并伴有贫血、血小板减少和粒细胞减少。使用特异性引物通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法确认了泰勒虫属感染，并通过详细的序列分析进行了鉴定。使用通用的顶复门引物扩增小亚基核糖体RNA，并进行系统发育分析以进一步鉴定。通过类固醇雾化疗法使动物病情稳定，并使用布帕喹酮和磺胺甲恶唑 - 甲氧苄啶联合进行特异性化疗。根据症状提供了非甾体抗炎药、抗组胺药、止泻药和维生素等支持性药物。该动物对治疗反应良好，第10天时虫血症消退，治疗第70天时分子学清除得到确认。本例感染水牛泰勒虫且有急性呼吸道症状的水牛犊病例表明，在出现与运输热相关综合征体征的运输应激动物中可能发生血寄生虫暴发。
