Moafa Hassan N, Altemani Abdullah H, Alaklabi Ali, Ghailan Khalid Y, Alshabi Alkhansa, Darraj Majid Ahmed, Fadlalmola Hammad Ali
Department of Public Health, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, 82912, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Quality and Patients Safety, Jazan University Hospital, Jazan University, 82913, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2024 Dec;14(4):1413-1452. doi: 10.1007/s44197-024-00314-5. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasites affecting humans in diverse populations caused by T. gondii. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the prevalence of T. gondii infection among various population categories in Saudi Arabia. Our search was done in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science to find the relevant studies from inception to November 2023. The pooled prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the total population living in Saudi Arabia was estimated using a random-effect meta-analysis approach, and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was utilized for this analysis. Our study included 30 case-control and retrospective studies published from 1994 to 2023 involving 20,699 patients from different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Various cities were included, such as Al-Ahsa, Najran, Riyadh, Arar, Mecca, al Khobar, Mushait, Tabuk, jazan, Hail City, Almadinah Almunawwarah, AL-Ahsa, and Abha; 27 reported outcomes related to IgG seroprevalence, revealing an overall toxoplasmosis prevalence of 27.5% in Saudi Arabia. Fifteen studies that measured IgM seroprevalence found an overall toxoplasmosis prevalence of 2.2%. Specifically for pregnant women, IgG seroprevalence was 28%. Among different age categories, the highest toxoplasmosis prevalence was observed in the group aged 31-45 years, reaching 32.5%, while the lowest prevalence was in the 10-20 years category at 19.3%. Regarding gravidity, the grand multi-gravida group exhibited the highest prevalence at 32.9%, with an upper limit of 47.8%. Furthermore, individuals who consumed freshwater demonstrated a higher incidence than those drinking bottled water, with respective prevalence rates of 33.5% and 29.4%. In conclusion, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Saudi Arabia is lower than the global average, with significant variations across different age groups, water sources, and dietary habits. Targeted educational programs and public health interventions are essential to raise awareness and reduce the risk of T. gondii infection. Future research should focus on improving study quality and exploring the broader implications of toxoplasmosis on public health in Saudi Arabia.
弓形虫病是由刚地弓形虫引起的、在不同人群中影响人类的最常见寄生虫病之一。本研究旨在系统回顾和分析沙特阿拉伯不同人群中弓形虫感染的患病率。我们在五个数据库中进行了检索：PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane图书馆、Embase和科学网，以查找从创刊到2023年11月的相关研究。使用随机效应荟萃分析方法估计了生活在沙特阿拉伯的总人口中弓形虫病的合并患病率，并使用综合荟萃分析软件进行了此项分析。我们的研究纳入了1994年至2023年发表的30项病例对照研究和回顾性研究，涉及沙特阿拉伯王国不同地区的20699名患者。纳入了各个城市，如艾哈萨、奈季兰、利雅得、阿赖尔、麦加、胡拜尔、穆沙伊特、塔布克、吉赞、海勒市、麦地那、艾哈萨和阿卜哈；27项报告了与IgG血清阳性率相关的结果，显示沙特阿拉伯弓形虫病的总体患病率为27.5%。15项测量IgM血清阳性率的研究发现弓形虫病的总体患病率为2.2%。具体到孕妇，IgG血清阳性率为28%。在不同年龄组中，31至45岁年龄组的弓形虫病患病率最高，达到32.5%，而10至20岁年龄组的患病率最低，为19.3%。关于妊娠次数，多产妇组的患病率最高，为32.9%，上限为47.8%。此外，饮用淡水的个体发病率高于饮用瓶装水的个体，患病率分别为33.5%和29.4%。总之，沙特阿拉伯弓形虫病的患病率低于全球平均水平，但在不同年龄组、水源和饮食习惯方面存在显著差异。有针对性的教育项目和公共卫生干预措施对于提高认识和降低刚地弓形虫感染风险至关重要。未来的研究应侧重于提高研究质量，并探索弓形虫病对沙特阿拉伯公共卫生的更广泛影响。
