Psychosomatic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
BMC Psychol. 2024 Oct 10;12(1):547. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-02040-w.
The Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ) is a self-report tool designed to measure an individual's fear of pain (FOP). While the Persian version of the FOPQ (FOPQ-P) has been developed, its validity and reliability have not yet been assessed in the Iranian context. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FOPQ-P among Iranian patients after surgery.
A methodological study was conducted in 2023 involving 400 post-surgery patients selected with a convenience sampling. The FOPQ was translated into Persian, and its psychometric properties were analyzed using network analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as assessments of convergent and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega, average inter-item correlation coefficient, Composite Reliability, and Maximal Reliability.
The EFA results with Promax and Kaiser Normalization rotation identified two factors that explained 54.32% of the variance, comprising seven items. The CFA confirmed the model's validity. Both convergent and discriminant validity were established. The reliability analyses showed that Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, composite reliability, and MaxR for all constructs were above 0.7. Additionally, the average inter-item correlation coefficient was greater than 0.5, indicating strong internal consistency and construct reliability.
The findings suggest that the FOPQ-P possesses a valid structure and was acceptable reliability in patients cultural context of Iran post-surgery, making it a suitable instrument for measuring fear of pain in this population.
疼痛恐惧问卷（FOPQ）是一种自我报告工具，旨在测量个体对疼痛的恐惧（FOP）。虽然已经开发出了 FOPQ 的波斯语版本（FOPQ-P），但其在伊朗背景下的有效性和可靠性尚未得到评估。本研究旨在评估 FOPQ-P 在伊朗手术后患者中的心理测量特性。
这是 2023 年进行的一项方法学研究，涉及 400 名术后患者，采用方便抽样法选择。FOPQ 被翻译成波斯语，并通过网络分析、探索性因素分析（EFA）、验证性因素分析（CFA）以及收敛和判别效度评估来分析其心理测量特性。使用 Cronbach's alpha、McDonald's Omega、平均项目间相关系数、综合可靠性和最大可靠性来评估内部一致性。
Promax 和 Kaiser Normalization 旋转的 EFA 结果确定了两个因子，解释了 54.32%的方差，包含七个项目。CFA 验证了模型的有效性。同时建立了收敛和判别效度。可靠性分析表明，所有结构的 Cronbach's alpha、McDonald's omega、综合可靠性和 MaxR 均高于 0.7。此外，平均项目间相关系数大于 0.5，表明具有较强的内部一致性和结构可靠性。
研究结果表明，FOPQ-P 在伊朗手术后患者的文化背景下具有有效的结构和可接受的可靠性，是测量该人群疼痛恐惧的合适工具。
