Munro Alasdair Ps, House Thomas
NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 11. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae493.
The concept of immunity debt is a phenomenon resulting from the suppression of endemic pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The reduced circulation of various pathogens during the pandemic, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), altered typical infectious disease dynamics by reducing levels of population immunity usually acquired through exposure to infection. This concept is demonstrated through post-pandemic resurgence of diseases such as RSV and Group A Streptococcus, and highlights the interplay between reduced pathogen exposure and increased susceptibility in populations. The complexities and non-linear dynamics of seasonal transmission are observed in differences in pathogen resurgence across regions. These issues highlight the importance of comprehensive disease surveillance and public health strategies in mitigating these long-term epidemiological impacts.
免疫债的概念是指在新冠疫情期间，由于非药物干预措施（NPIs）导致地方性病原体受到抑制而产生的一种现象。疫情期间各种病原体传播减少，尤其是呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV），通过降低通常因接触感染而获得的群体免疫水平，改变了典型的传染病动态。这一概念通过RSV和A组链球菌等疾病在疫情后的卷土重来得到体现，并突出了病原体接触减少与人群易感性增加之间的相互作用。季节性传播的复杂性和非线性动态在不同地区病原体卷土重来的差异中可见一斑。这些问题凸显了全面疾病监测和公共卫生策略在减轻这些长期流行病学影响方面的重要性。
