Chatatikun Moragot, Indo Hiroko P, Imai Motoki, Kawakami Fumitaka, Kubo Makoto, Kitagawa Yoshimasa, Ichikawa Hiroshi, Udomwech Lunla, Phongphithakchai Atthaphong, Sarakul Orawan, Sukati Suriyan, Somsak Voravuth, Ichikawa Takafumi, Klangbud Wiyada Kwanhian, Nissapatorn Veeranoot, Tangpong Jitbanjong, Majima Hideyuki J
School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Sep 26;15:1452616. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1452616. eCollection 2024.
This review discusses the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Mutations in its spike glycoprotein have driven the emergence of variants with high transmissibility and immune escape capabilities. Some antiviral drugs are ineffective against the BA.2 subvariant at the authorized dose. Recently, 150 natural metabolites have been identified as potential candidates for development of new anti-COVID-19 drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity than those of existing therapeutic agents. Botanical drug-derived bioactive molecules have shown promise in dampening the COVID-19 cytokine storm and thus preventing pulmonary fibrosis, as they exert a strong binding affinity for viral proteins and inhibit their activity. The Health Ministry of Thailand has approved (Jap. Senshinren) extracts to treat COVID-19. In China, over 85% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 receive treatments based on traditional Chinese medicine. A comprehensive map of the stages and pathogenetic mechanisms related to the disease and effective natural products to treat and prevent COVID-19 are presented. Approximately 10% of patients with COVID-19 are affected by long COVID, and COVID-19 infection impairs mitochondrial DNA. As the number of agents to treat COVID-19 is limited, adjuvant botanical drug treatments including vitamin C and E supplementation may reduce COVID-19 symptoms and inhibit progression to long COVID.
本综述讨论了由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的预防和治疗。其刺突糖蛋白的突变导致了具有高传播性和免疫逃逸能力的变种出现。一些抗病毒药物在授权剂量下对BA.2亚变种无效。最近，150种天然代谢产物已被确定为开发新型抗COVID-19药物的潜在候选物，这些药物比现有治疗药物具有更高的疗效和更低的毒性。植物药衍生的生物活性分子在减轻COVID-19细胞因子风暴从而预防肺纤维化方面显示出前景，因为它们对病毒蛋白具有很强的结合亲和力并抑制其活性。泰国卫生部已批准（日语：千辛薬）提取物用于治疗COVID-19。在中国，超过85%的SARS-CoV-2感染患者接受基于传统中药的治疗。本文展示了与该疾病相关的阶段和发病机制以及治疗和预防COVID-19的有效天然产物的综合图谱。约10%的COVID-19患者受长期COVID影响，且COVID-19感染会损害线粒体DNA。由于治疗COVID-19的药物数量有限，包括补充维生素C和E在内的辅助植物药治疗可能会减轻COVID-19症状并抑制进展为长期COVID。
