Delord Chrystelle, Arnaud-Haond Sophie, Leone Agostino, Rolland Jonathan, Nikolic Natacha
UMR248 MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier Ifremer, IRD, CNRS La Réunion France.
UMR248 MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier Ifremer, IRD, CNRS Sète France.
Evol Appl. 2024 Oct 10;17(10):e70020. doi: 10.1111/eva.70020. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Estimating and understanding the ratio between effective population size ( ) and census population size ( ) are pivotal in the conservation of large marine pelagic fish species, including bony fish such as tunas and cartilaginous fish such as sharks, given the challenges associated with obtaining accurate estimates of their abundance. The difficulties inherent in capturing and monitoring these species in vast and dynamic marine environments often make direct estimation of their population size challenging. By focusing on , it is conceivable in certain cases to approximate census size once the / ratio is known, although this ratio can vary and does not always increase linearly, as it is influenced by various ecological and evolutionary factors. Thus, this ratio presents challenges and complexities in the context of pelagic species conservation. To delve deeper into these challenges, firstly, we recall the diverse types of effective population sizes, including contemporary and historical sizes, and their implications in conservation biology. Secondly, we outline current knowledge about the influence of life history traits on the / ratio in the light of examples drawn from large and abundant pelagic fish species. Despite efforts to document an increasing number of marine species using recent technologies and statistical methods, establishing general rules to predict / remains elusive, necessitating further research and investment. Finally, we recall statistical challenges in relating and emphasizing the necessity of aligning temporal and spatial scales. This last part discusses the roles of generation and reproductive cycle effective population sizes to predict genetic erosion and guiding management strategies. Collectively, these sections underscore the multifaceted nature of effective population size estimation, crucial for preserving genetic diversity and ensuring the long-term viability of populations. By navigating statistical and theoretical complexities, and addressing methodological challenges, scientists should be able to advance our understanding of the / ratio.
鉴于在准确估计大型海洋中上层鱼类物种数量方面存在挑战，估算并理解有效种群大小（ ）与普查种群大小（ ）之间的比率，对于包括金枪鱼等硬骨鱼和鲨鱼等软骨鱼在内的大型海洋中上层鱼类的保护至关重要。在广阔且动态的海洋环境中捕获和监测这些物种所固有的困难，常常使得直接估计它们的种群大小具有挑战性。通过关注 ，在某些情况下，一旦知道 / 比率，就可以设想近似普查大小，尽管这个比率可能会变化，而且并不总是线性增加，因为它受到各种生态和进化因素的影响。因此，在中上层物种保护的背景下，这个比率带来了挑战和复杂性。为了更深入地探讨这些挑战，首先，我们回顾有效种群大小的不同类型，包括当代和历史大小，以及它们在保护生物学中的意义。其次，我们根据从大型且数量众多的中上层鱼类物种中获取的例子，概述关于生活史特征对 / 比率影响的当前知识。尽管人们努力使用最新技术和统计方法记录越来越多的海洋物种，但建立预测 的一般规则仍然难以实现，这需要进一步的研究和投入。最后，我们回顾在关联 和 时的统计挑战，强调使时间和空间尺度一致的必要性。最后一部分讨论世代和生殖周期有效种群大小在预测遗传侵蚀和指导管理策略方面的作用。总体而言，这些部分强调了有效种群大小估计的多面性，这对于保护遗传多样性和确保种群的长期生存能力至关重要。通过应对统计和理论复杂性，并解决方法学挑战，科学家应该能够增进我们对 / 比率的理解。
