McCown T J, Frye G D, Breese G R
Alcohol Drug Res. 1985;6(6):423-9.
The diverse behavioral and biochemical effects induced by ethanol suggest that ethanol exerts differential effects on the CNS. When the neuroactive amino acids, glycine, glutamate, aspartate, GABA and taurine, were measured in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, and brain stem of acute or chronic ethanol-treated rats, site specific changes were observed for glutamate, glycine, and aspartate. No changes were found for GABA or taurine. Upon in vivo application, it was found that the microinjection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 500 ng) into the medial septum significantly shortened ethanol's impairment of the righting reflex, while microinjection of muscimol (30 ng) markedly potentiated ethanol's impairment of the righting reflex. When these studies are combined with previous work showing that microinjection of muscimol (30 ng) into the inferior colliculus blocks audiogenically induced seizures in ethanol-withdrawn rats, the convergence implies that specific sites in the CNS may modulate certain actions of ethanol. Therefore, we propose that the medial septum and inferior colliculus can be used as in vivo models to study the acute and chronic actions of ethanol, respectively.
乙醇所引发的多样行为和生化效应表明，乙醇对中枢神经系统具有不同的作用。在对急性或慢性乙醇处理的大鼠的皮质、纹状体、海马体、中脑和脑干中测量神经活性氨基酸（甘氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸和牛磺酸）时，观察到谷氨酸、甘氨酸和天冬氨酸存在位点特异性变化。而γ-氨基丁酸或牛磺酸未发现变化。在体内应用时发现，向内侧隔区微量注射促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH，500纳克）可显著缩短乙醇对翻正反射的损害，而微量注射蝇蕈醇（30纳克）则明显增强乙醇对翻正反射的损害。当这些研究与之前的工作相结合，即向乙醇戒断大鼠的下丘微量注射蝇蕈醇（30纳克）可阻断听源性惊厥时，这种趋同意味着中枢神经系统中的特定位点可能调节乙醇的某些作用。因此，我们提出内侧隔区和下丘可分别用作体内模型来研究乙醇的急性和慢性作用。
