Roberto Marisa, Varodayan Florence P
The Scripps Research Institute, United States.
The Scripps Research Institute, United States.
Neuropharmacology. 2017 Aug 1;122:85-99. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.013. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
Alcohol acts on numerous cellular and molecular targets to regulate neuronal communication within the brain. Chronic alcohol exposure and acute withdrawal generate prominent neuroadaptations at synapses, including compensatory effects on the expression, localization and function of synaptic proteins, channels and receptors. The present article reviews the literature describing the synaptic effects of chronic alcohol exposure and their relevance for synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. This review is not meant to be comprehensive, but rather to highlight the effects that have been observed most consistently and that are thought to contribute to the development of alcohol dependence and the negative aspects of withdrawal. Specifically, we will focus on the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, glutamate and GABA, respectively, and how their neuroadaptations after chronic alcohol exposure contributes to alcohol reinforcement, dependence and withdrawal. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
酒精作用于众多细胞和分子靶点，以调节大脑内的神经元通讯。长期酒精暴露和急性戒断会在突触处产生显著的神经适应性变化，包括对突触蛋白、通道和受体的表达、定位及功能的代偿性影响。本文综述了描述长期酒精暴露的突触效应及其与中枢神经系统突触传递相关性的文献。本综述并非面面俱到，而是着重强调那些一直以来观察到的、被认为会导致酒精依赖发展及戒断负面影响的效应。具体而言，我们将分别聚焦于大脑中主要的兴奋性和抑制性神经递质——谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸，以及长期酒精暴露后它们的神经适应性变化如何导致酒精强化、依赖和戒断。本文是名为“酒精中毒”的特刊的一部分。
