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印度国家免疫计划引入轮状病毒疫苗对私营部门疫苗使用的潜在影响:一项中断时间序列分析。

Potential impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction in India's Universal Immunisation Programme on private sector vaccine utilisation: an interrupted time series analysis.

机构信息

Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.

Public Health Foundation of India, KIIT Campus, Sohna Road, Gurugram, 122001, India.

出版信息

BMC Med. 2024 Oct 11;22(1):453. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03664-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12916-024-03664-w
PMID:39394601
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11470638/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Despite free immunisation services through the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP), around 14% of Indian households seek immunisation in the private sector. We examined the potential impact of rotavirus vaccine (RVV) introduction in the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) on private-sector rotavirus vaccine utilisation.

METHODS

We analysed nationally representative private-sector vaccine sales data. The intervention under consideration is RVV introduction in the UIP in selected Indian states. The outcome is the 'monthly RVV sales volume'-a proxy for vaccine utilisation. We performed a Poisson regression interrupted time series analysis to detect the pre-intervention trend, post-intervention level change and trend change relative to the pre-intervention for monthly rotavirus vaccine utilisation.

RESULTS

Poisson segmented regression analysis showed that immediately after RVV introduction in the UIP private-sector RVV sales showed a decline in Rajasthan by 37.4% (Incidence Risk Ratio (IRR): 0.626; 95% CI: 0.504-0.779), in Tamil Nadu by 26% (IRR: 0.740; 95% CI: 0.513-1.068), in Uttar Pradesh-East by 72.2% (IRR: 0.278; 95% CI: 0.178-0.436) and in Kerala by 3% (IRR: 0.970; 95% CI: 0.651-1.447). Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Kerala had sustained reduction in the postintervention trend relative to the preintervention trend by 20.1% (IRR: 0.799; 95% CI: 0.763-0.836), 6.4% (IRR: 0.936; 95% CI: 0.906-0.967) and 3.3% (IRR: 0.967; 95% CI: 0.926-0.960) per month, respectively. However, in Haryana and UP-west, in the first-month post-UIP introduction, the private-sector RVV sales increased by 101% and 3.8%, respectively which was followed by a sustained decrease of 14.2% (IRR: 0.858; 95% CI: 0.688-1.070) and 5.8% (IRR: 0.942; 95% CI: 0.926-0.960) per month, respectively. In terms of long-term impact, the private sector RVV sales post-UIP introduction decreased at a monthly rate of 4.4% (IRR: 0.956, 95% CI: 0.939-0.974) in Rajasthan but increased by 5.5% (IRR: 1.055; 95% CI: 1.040-1.070) in UP-east, 0.3% (IRR: 1.003, 95% CI: 0.976-1.031)) in Kerala and 0.2% (IRR: 1.002, 95% CI: 0.993-1.011) in Tamil Nadu whereas Haryana and UP-west had a reduction in RVV utilisation by 2.8% (IRR: 0.972; 95% CI: 0.955-0.990) and 1% (IRR: 0.990; 95% CI: 0.982-0.998), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The study provides evidence that access to RVV through UIP leads to a reduction in private-sector RVV utilisation. We recommend strengthening UIP to expand the basket of new vaccines.

摘要

背景

尽管通过全民免疫规划(UIP)提供了免费的免疫服务,但印度仍有约 14%的家庭选择在私营部门接种疫苗。本研究旨在评估在 UIP 中引入轮状病毒疫苗(RVV)对私营部门轮状病毒疫苗使用的潜在影响。

方法

我们分析了全国范围内私营部门疫苗销售数据。研究中的干预措施是在印度选定的州引入 UIP 中的 RVV。研究结果是“每月 RVV 销售量”-疫苗使用的一个指标。我们采用泊松回归中断时间序列分析来检测疫苗使用的干预前趋势、干预后水平变化以及与干预前相比的趋势变化。

结果

泊松分段回归分析显示,在 UIP 中引入 RVV 后,拉贾斯坦邦私营部门的 RVV 销售量立即下降了 37.4%(发病率风险比(IRR):0.626;95%置信区间(CI):0.504-0.779),泰米尔纳德邦下降了 26%(IRR:0.740;95%CI:0.513-1.068),北方邦东部下降了 72.2%(IRR:0.278;95%CI:0.178-0.436),喀拉拉邦下降了 3%(IRR:0.970;95%CI:0.651-1.447)。拉贾斯坦邦、泰米尔纳德邦和喀拉拉邦的干预后趋势相对于干预前趋势持续下降,分别下降了 20.1%(IRR:0.799;95%CI:0.763-0.836)、6.4%(IRR:0.936;95%CI:0.906-0.967)和 3.3%(IRR:0.967;95%CI:0.926-0.960)。然而,在哈里亚纳邦和北方邦西部,在 UIP 引入后的第一个月,私营部门的 RVV 销售量分别增加了 101%和 3.8%,随后分别持续下降了 14.2%(IRR:0.858;95%CI:0.688-1.070)和 5.8%(IRR:0.942;95%CI:0.926-0.960)。从长期影响来看,在 UIP 引入后,私营部门 RVV 销售量以每月 4.4%的速度下降(IRR:0.956,95%CI:0.939-0.974),但在北方邦东部,RVV 销售量增加了 5.5%(IRR:1.055;95%CI:1.040-1.070),喀拉拉邦增加了 0.3%(IRR:1.003,95%CI:0.976-1.031),泰米尔纳德邦增加了 0.2%(IRR:1.002,95%CI:0.993-1.011),而哈里亚纳邦和北方邦西部的 RVV 使用率则分别下降了 2.8%(IRR:0.972;95%CI:0.955-0.990)和 1%(IRR:0.990;95%CI:0.982-0.998)。

结论

本研究提供了证据表明,通过 UIP 获得 RVV 会导致私营部门 RVV 使用量减少。我们建议加强 UIP,以扩大新疫苗的接种范围。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4baf/11470638/44520f50de80/12916_2024_3664_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4baf/11470638/d3e49e364b94/12916_2024_3664_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4baf/11470638/44520f50de80/12916_2024_3664_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4baf/11470638/d3e49e364b94/12916_2024_3664_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4baf/11470638/44520f50de80/12916_2024_3664_Fig2_HTML.jpg

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