Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
Adv Genet. 2024;112:123-205. doi: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.05.002. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, ranking third in terms of incidence and second as a cause of cancer-related death. There is growing scientific evidence that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the initiation and development of CRC. Specific bacterial species and complex microbial communities contribute directly to CRC pathogenesis by promoting the neoplastic transformation of intestinal epithelial cells or indirectly through their interaction with the host immune system. As a result, a protumoural and immunosuppressive environment is created conducive to CRC development. On the other hand, certain bacteria in the gut microbiota contribute to protection against CRC. In this chapter, we analysed the relationship of the gut microbiota to CRC and the associations identified with specific bacteria. Microbiota plays a key role in CRC through various mechanisms, such as increased intestinal permeability, inflammation and immune system dysregulation, biofilm formation, genotoxin production, virulence factors and oxidative stress. Exploring the interaction between gut microbiota and tumourigenesis is essential for developing innovative therapeutic approaches in the fight against CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球最常见的癌症之一，其发病率排名第三，是癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。越来越多的科学证据表明，肠道微生物群在 CRC 的发生和发展中起着关键作用。特定的细菌种类和复杂的微生物群落通过促进肠上皮细胞的肿瘤转化，或者通过与宿主免疫系统相互作用间接导致 CRC 的发病机制。因此，创造了有利于 CRC 发展的促肿瘤和免疫抑制环境。另一方面，肠道微生物群中的某些细菌有助于预防 CRC。在本章中，我们分析了肠道微生物群与 CRC 的关系以及与特定细菌相关的关联。微生物群通过增加肠道通透性、炎症和免疫系统失调、生物膜形成、遗传毒素产生、毒力因子和氧化应激等多种机制在 CRC 中发挥关键作用。探索肠道微生物群与肿瘤发生之间的相互作用对于开发针对 CRC 的创新治疗方法至关重要。
