Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
J Microbiol. 2024 Mar;62(3):153-165. doi: 10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly influence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut inflammation conditions.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全世界男性和女性癌症相关死亡率第二高的原因。CRC 的一个风险因素是肥胖，这与西方饮食习惯中普遍存在的高脂肪饮食有关。高脂肪饮食与 CRC 之间的关联已经存在了几十年；然而，高脂肪饮食增加 CRC 风险的机制仍不清楚。最近的研究表明，肠道微生物群强烈影响高脂肪饮食诱导的肥胖和 CRC 的发病机制。肠道微生物群由数百种细菌组成，其中一些与 CRC 有关。特别是兼性厌氧肠杆菌科的扩张，被认为是肠道微生物群功能失衡（生态失调）的微生物特征，与高脂肪饮食诱导的肥胖和 CRC 都有关。在这里，我们综述了高脂肪饮食诱导肥胖期间肠道微生物组及其代谢产物在结直肠癌（CRC）发病机制中的相互作用。此外，我们还将讨论高脂肪饮食如何通过改变肠道炎症条件下肠上皮细胞的代谢来驱动产遗传毒素的大肠杆菌的扩张。
