Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Narowal, Sub campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan.
Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture,, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 14;14(1):23953. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75606-8.
For a sustainable ecology, slaughterhouse sludge must be managed effectively in preview of the parasitic or coliforms' spill over to the community. In order to determine the effectiveness of a customized biological decomposer solution in lowering the parasitic eggs and coliform bacteria, three composting units (Unit 1, Unit 2, and Unit 3) were treated with its different amounts. Over a period of 60 days, pH, temperature, humidity, number of the parasitic eggs per gram (EPG) of faecal material, viability of eggs, and coliform counts were evaluated. By the fifth day of the composting process, pH had significantly (P < 0.05) increased across all the treatments and then decreased gradually. Also on the 5th day, all three units entered the thermophilic range (> 45 °C), which persisted for 20 days for Unit 3 and 15 days for Units 1 and 2. Humidity levels initially increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all three units (Unit 3 = 71%, Unit 2 = 64%, and Unit 1 = 55%) but then gradually decreased. On day 5, no decrease in EPG in Unit 1 was detected; however, a non-significant (P > 0.05) 12.5% decline in EPG in Unit 2 and Unit 3 was recorded. After that, a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in EPG was observed in all the three treatments until day 25. By day 5, decreased egg viability was significantly (P < 0.05) recorded in Unit 3 (21.43%); in Unit 1 and Unit 2, the decrease was 6.25% and 14.29%, respectively. Additionally, all units showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in total coliforms, meeting minimum allowable limit in Unit 2 and 3 on day 10 and on day 15 in Unit 1. The most substantial reduction in faecal coliforms was observed in Unit 3 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.3 log₁₀), followed by Unit 2 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.5 log₁₀), and then Unit 1 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.6 log₁₀). The results of this study support recommendation of advanced composting techniques to eradicate or reduce the abundance of pathogens (parasites and coliforms). Hence, we endorse the value of careful composting procedures in environment-friendly abattoir waste management and agricultural practices through creating pathogen-free, eco-friendly fertilizers to promote both agricultural and environmental sustainability.
为了实现可持续的生态环境，必须预先对屠宰场污泥进行有效管理，以防寄生虫或大肠菌的污染扩散到社区。为了确定定制生物分解剂溶液在降低寄生虫卵和大肠菌数量方面的有效性，我们对三个堆肥单元（单元 1、单元 2 和单元 3）使用不同的剂量进行了处理。在 60 天的时间里，我们评估了 pH 值、温度、湿度、粪便材料每克寄生虫卵数（EPG）、卵的活力和大肠菌计数。在堆肥过程的第五天，所有处理的 pH 值都显著（P<0.05）升高，然后逐渐降低。同样在第 5 天，所有三个单元都进入了高温范围（>45°C），单元 3 持续了 20 天，单元 1 和 2 持续了 15 天。湿度水平最初在所有三个单元中都显著（P<0.05）增加（单元 3=71%，单元 2=64%，单元 1=55%），但随后逐渐降低。在第 5 天，在单元 1 中没有发现 EPG 的减少；然而，在单元 2 和单元 3 中，EPG 下降了非显著（P>0.05）12.5%。在那之后，所有三个处理的 EPG 都显著（P<0.05）减少，直到第 25 天。到第 5 天，在单元 3 中记录到卵的活力显著（P<0.05）降低（21.43%）；在单元 1 和单元 2 中，降低了 6.25%和 14.29%。此外，所有单元的总大肠菌都显著（P<0.05）减少，在单元 2 和 3 中在第 10 天，在单元 1 中在第 15 天达到了最低允许限度。粪便大肠菌的减少最为显著的是单元 3（从 2.6 log₁₀减少到 1.3 log₁₀），其次是单元 2（从 2.6 log₁₀减少到 1.5 log₁₀），然后是单元 1（从 2.6 log₁₀减少到 1.6 log₁₀）。本研究的结果支持推荐使用先进的堆肥技术来消除或减少病原体（寄生虫和大肠菌）的丰度。因此，我们通过创建无病原体、环保的肥料来促进农业和环境的可持续性，支持在环保型屠宰场废物管理和农业实践中进行仔细堆肥处理的价值。
