Li Chengyue, Wang Hao
Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Oct 18;56(5):802-808. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.05.008.
To understand the growth and development of Uygur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating health promotion strategies.
In the study, 18 591 Xinjiang Uygur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years with complete body height, body mass and body mass index (BMI) data by the Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health in 1985, 2000, 2010 and 2019 were selected as the research objects. The growth rate of each age group in each adjacent two survey years and per decade were calculated, and a -test on the mean of each index to analyze was used to analyze the difference between the years.
During the period 1985-2019, except for the height of girls aged 17-18 years, the height and mass of Uyghur boys and girls in all the age groups increased significantly ( all < 0.01), and the growth range of height for boys and girls was 2.06-9.89 cm and -0.03 to 6.86 cm, respectively; the growth range of mass was 2.39-10.2 kg and 2.57-8.05 kg, respectively; the BMI for most age groups increased from 2000 to 2019, whose range was -0.94 to 0.86 kg/m and 0.08-1.34 kg/m for boys and girls, respectively. The growth range was greater for boys than for girls. Height and mass of boys and girls increased at the fastest rate in the first 15 years; the height of most age groups, mass and BMI of a few age groups decreased in the middle 10 years; overall turned to a positive growth trend in the last 9 years except for the mass of boys, and height of girls increased at the highest rate in all periods. Advancement of maximum increase/growth age (MIA) in height was greater than that in mass and BMI for girls; MIA in height did not change significantly in boys, but MIA in mass and BMI was significantly earlier.
The overall body shape indexes of Uyghur primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years in Xinjiang during the 34 years showed an increasing trend with gender differences. The overall status of growth was in the early stage of a secular growth trend, requiring focused attention to the mass status of both sexes to prevent the emergence of abnormal nutritional status.
了解1985年至2019年新疆7 - 18岁维吾尔族中小学生的生长发育情况，为制定健康促进策略提供理论依据。
本研究选取了1985年、2000年、2010年和2019年中国学生体质与健康调研中具有完整身高、体重及体重指数（BMI）数据的18591名新疆7 - 18岁维吾尔族中小学生作为研究对象。计算各相邻两个调查年份及每十年各年龄组的生长速率，并采用各指标均值的t检验分析年份间差异。
1985 - 2019年期间，除17 - 18岁女生身高外，各年龄组维吾尔族男女生的身高和体重均显著增加（均P<0.01），男生和女生身高增长幅度分别为2.06 - 9.89厘米和 - 0.03至6.86厘米；体重增长幅度分别为2.39 - 10.2千克和2.57 - 8.05千克；多数年龄组BMI在2000 - 2019年有所增加，男生和女生的增幅范围分别为 - 0.94至0.86千克/米²和0.08 - 1.34千克/米²。男生的增长幅度大于女生。男女生身高和体重在前15年增长最快；中间10年多数年龄组身高、少数年龄组体重及BMI有所下降；除男生体重外，后9年总体呈正增长趋势，各时期女生身高增长速率最高。女生身高最大增长/生长年龄（MIA）的提前幅度大于体重和BMI；男生身高MIA无显著变化，但体重和BMI的MIA显著提前。
34年间新疆7 - 18岁维吾尔族中小学生的整体身体形态指标呈上升趋势且存在性别差异。生长总体处于长期增长趋势的早期阶段，需重点关注两性的体重状况，预防异常营养状况的出现。
