Aquatic Therapy and Fitness Research Centre, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Sep 27;15:1381925. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1381925. eCollection 2024.
Obesity among adolescents have become a global public health problem. Exercises can effectively improve the bio-physiological factors of obese adolescents. High-intensive interval training (HIIT) has been applied to obese adolescents. Studies have reported that the Aquatic environment may bring the same or more positive exercise effects as the land environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic and land interventions on selected bio-and physiological variables among obese adolescences.
Twenty-eight obese adolescents who met the requirements participated in and completed this study. The participants were randomly assigned to Aquatic HIIT group (n=17) or Land HIIT group (n=11) for a four-week exercise intervention, 3 time/week. Each Intervention program was one-hour long, including 20 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of HIIT and 10 minutes of stretching and relaxation. Bio- and physiological variables including Anthropometry and body composition, Physical Function and blood pressure, and Lipid metabolism indexes were collected before and after the Aquatic and Land interventions.
After four weeks of exercise interventions, the body mass, BMI, body fat rate, waist circumference, hip circumference and body water content were significantly reduced (<0.05), and the lean body mass were significantly increased (<0.05) in both groups. Both group exhibited significant effects in decreasing, systolic blood pressure (<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (<0.01), and increasing vital capacity and total energy consumption (<0.05). The Aquatic HIIT group showed significant effects on reducing Rest heart rate (<0.05), but no significant changes in Rest heart rate in Land HIIT group (=0.364). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both groups was significantly decreased (<0.05). Moreover, the Aquatic HIIT group had significant better improvements (<0.05) in lean body mass, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, vital capacity and total energy consumption than Land HIIT group did.
The results of the present study demonstrated that in a short-term (4 weeks) both Aquatic and Land HIIT interventions may improve the body composition, physical function, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of overweight and obese adolescents. Furthermore, the Aquatic HIIT may be superior than the Land HIIT in weight control among the obese adolescents.
青少年肥胖已成为全球性公共卫生问题。运动可以有效改善肥胖青少年的生物生理因素。高强度间歇训练（HIIT）已应用于肥胖青少年。研究报告称，水环境可能带来与陆地环境相同或更积极的运动效果。因此，本研究旨在探讨水和陆地干预对肥胖青少年某些生物和生理变量的影响。
符合要求的 28 名肥胖青少年参与并完成了这项研究。参与者被随机分配到水上 HIIT 组（n=17）或陆地 HIIT 组（n=11），进行为期四周的运动干预，每周 3 次。每次干预方案持续 1 小时，包括 20 分钟热身、30 分钟 HIIT 和 10 分钟拉伸和放松。在水上和陆地干预前后收集生物和生理变量，包括人体测量和身体成分、身体功能和血压以及血脂代谢指标。
经过四周的运动干预，两组的体重、BMI、体脂率、腰围、臀围和身体水分均显著降低（<0.05），瘦体重均显著增加（<0.05）。两组均能显著降低收缩压（<0.05）、舒张压（<0.01），增加肺活量和总能量消耗（<0.05）。水上 HIIT 组静息心率显著降低（<0.05），陆地 HIIT 组静息心率无显著变化（=0.364）。两组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均显著降低（<0.05）。此外，水上 HIIT 组在改善瘦体重、腰围、腰臀比、肺活量和总能量消耗方面明显优于陆地 HIIT 组（<0.05）。
本研究结果表明，在短期内（4 周），水上和陆地 HIIT 干预均可改善超重和肥胖青少年的身体成分、身体功能、血压和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。此外，水上 HIIT 在肥胖青少年的体重控制方面可能优于陆地 HIIT。
