Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2404752. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2404752. Epub 2024 Oct 14.
Cigarette smoking confers additional risk from influenza. This study assessed the effect of smoking on humoral immune response to influenza vaccine. Adults ≥50 y of age were enrolled during the 2011-2016 influenza vaccination seasons in an observational prospective study. Non-fasting whole blood samples for hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were obtained from participants at pre- and 28 d post-clinically administered, trivalent influenza vaccination. Among 273 participants, 133 subjects self-reported as never smokers, 87 as ex-smokers, and 53 as current smokers. Postvaccination geometric mean HAI titers were significantly higher among smokers for A/H1N1 ( = .031) and A/H3N2 ( = .001). Relative to never smokers, smoking was independently related to seroconversion to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B. The adjusted odd ratios (ORs) were 5.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3, 11.5] for seroconversion to A/H1N1, 5.4 (95% CI, 2.4, 12.1) for A/H3N2, and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.3, 5.7) for B. Smoking was also independently related to seroprotection to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B. The ORs were 3.6 (95% CI, 1.6, 8.08) for seroprotection to A/H1N1 in smokers, 2.7 (95% CI, 1.14, 6.5) for A/H3N2, and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1, 5.7) for B. Although the mechanism is unclear, smokers showed a better immune response to influenza vaccination than never smokers and ex-smokers. The results can be used to emphasize the value of influenza vaccination for smokers.
吸烟会增加感染流感的风险。本研究评估了吸烟对流感疫苗体液免疫反应的影响。在 2011-2016 年流感疫苗接种季节，一项观察性前瞻性研究招募了年龄≥50 岁的成年人。在临床给予三价流感疫苗接种前和 28 天，从参与者中采集非禁食全血样本进行血凝抑制（HAI）检测。在 273 名参与者中，133 名参与者自我报告为从不吸烟者，87 名参与者为前吸烟者，53 名参与者为当前吸烟者。接种疫苗后，与从不吸烟者相比，吸烟者的 A/H1N1（ = .031）和 A/H3N2（ = .001）血凝抑制抗体滴度几何平均值更高。与从不吸烟者相比，吸烟与 A/H1N1、A/H3N2 和 B 的血清转化率独立相关。调整后的比值比（OR）分别为 A/H1N1 血清转化率为 5.2（95%置信区间，2.3，11.5），A/H3N2 为 5.4（95%置信区间，2.4，12.1），B 为 2.7（95%置信区间，1.3，5.7）。吸烟也与 A/H1N1、A/H3N2 和 B 的血清保护率独立相关。OR 分别为 A/H1N1 血清保护率为 3.6（95%置信区间，1.6，8.08），A/H3N2 为 2.7（95%置信区间，1.14，6.5），B 为 2.5（95%置信区间，1.1，5.7）。尽管机制尚不清楚，但与从不吸烟者和前吸烟者相比，吸烟者对流感疫苗接种的免疫反应更好。研究结果可用于强调流感疫苗接种对吸烟者的价值。
