Walter W L
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;1(4):243-52. doi: 10.1097/00002341-198501040-00005.
The best operative results with fewest complications after enucleation surgery can be achieved by following basic principles, some of which are those of conservative tissue excision, using spherical implants placed behind Tenon's capsule into the muscle cone and avoiding surgical techniques that overlap the extraocular muscles (especially the superior rectus) over the front of the implant. The presence of an intraocular tumor demands that an enucleation be done. When the possible development of sympathetic ophthalmia is not present, the surgeon should consider doing an evisceration because of the cosmetic and motility advantages. Mention is made of some developments in enucleation surgery, such as the scleral cap reinforcement, the "baseball" implant technique using donor sclera, the use of liquid nitrogen to freeze intraocular tumors before removal of the eye, the dermis-fat orbital graft, and the use of two spherical orbital implants instead of one.
眼球摘除术后，遵循基本原则可获得最佳手术效果且并发症最少，其中一些原则包括保守性组织切除、将球形植入物置于眼球筋膜囊后肌锥内以及避免在植入物前方重叠眼外肌（尤其是上直肌）的手术技术。眼内肿瘤的存在需要进行眼球摘除术。当不存在交感性眼炎的可能发展时，由于美容和眼球运动方面的优势，外科医生应考虑进行眼内容剜除术。文中提到了眼球摘除术的一些进展，如巩膜帽加固、使用供体巩膜的“棒球”植入技术、在摘除眼球前使用液氮冷冻眼内肿瘤、真皮脂肪眶移植以及使用两个球形眶植入物而非一个。
