Xin Yi, Zou Shengwen, Jin Jinlong, Liu Guangxin, Yan Xiaojun, Huang Jianmei
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-thermodynamics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Small. 2024 Dec;20(52):e2406986. doi: 10.1002/smll.202406986. Epub 2024 Oct 14.
Smart photovoltaic windows (SPWs) provide a high-efficiency and energy-saving strategy owing to the dual capabilities of electricity generation and sunlight modulation achieved by tunable colors and transmittances. Due to the deterioration of chromic process on photovoltaic layers, SPWs usually suffer from poor cycling stability. Moreover, thermochromic SPWs with a multilayer structure usually change transmittance without reversible color transitions. To address these issues, inspired by chameleon skin, bionic SPWs are designed and constructed by integrating hydrogel, CsPbBr semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs), and transparent polymer film. The SPWs realize reversible transitions between transparent green (25 °C) and opaque yellow (45 °C) states in a short duration (2 min) under natural conditions. By optimizing perovskite film and ultrathin-metal electrodes, CsPbBr ST-PSCs achieve a good trade-off between transmittance and efficiency, delivering the highest photovoltaic efficiency (8.35%) and a record light utilization efficiency (4.43). Ultimately, the multilayer SPWs maintain stable optical properties and more than 88% initial conversion efficiency after 100 transition cycles, presenting excellent cycling stability. This study proposes a novel approach and device structure for SPWs with high cycling stability, switchable colors, and switchable transmittances. It also paves the way for smart photovoltaic deployment in buildings and many other fields.
智能光伏窗（SPW）由于具有通过可调颜色和透过率实现发电和阳光调制的双重能力，提供了一种高效节能的策略。由于光伏层上变色过程的恶化，SPW通常存在循环稳定性差的问题。此外，具有多层结构的热致变色SPW通常在没有可逆颜色转变的情况下改变透过率。为了解决这些问题，受变色龙皮肤的启发，通过整合水凝胶、CsPbBr半透明钙钛矿太阳能电池（ST-PSC）和透明聚合物薄膜，设计并构建了仿生SPW。在自然条件下，SPW在短时间（2分钟）内实现了透明绿色（25°C）和不透明黄色（45°C）状态之间的可逆转变。通过优化钙钛矿薄膜和超薄金属电极，CsPbBr ST-PSC在透过率和效率之间实现了良好的平衡，实现了最高的光伏效率（8.35%）和创纪录的光利用效率（4.43）。最终，多层SPW在100次转变循环后保持稳定的光学性能和超过88%的初始转换效率，呈现出优异的循环稳定性。本研究为具有高循环稳定性、可切换颜色和可切换透过率的SPW提出了一种新颖的方法和器件结构。它还为智能光伏在建筑和许多其他领域的部署铺平了道路。
