College of Construction Engineering, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, China.
Science and Technology Department, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Sep 30;12:1479305. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1479305. eCollection 2024.
Research on the relationship between microscale built environments and physical activity among older adults in densely populated old urban areas with high aging rates is scarce. Particularly, the relationship between urban block land-use pattern and older adults' walking activities have not yet been completely understood.
This study examined the daily walking habits and socioeconomic attributes of older adults in 17 blocks with different built environment characteristics in Nanjing City, China. A multi-layer linear model was used to quantitatively analyse the mechanism underlying the effects of various factors on the health of older adults.
The result shows significant positive correlation between neighborhood walkability and the enhancement of walking frequency and activity. For every 10% increase in pedestrian road connectivity and land use, the walking activity volume increased by 22.4 and 12%, and the BMI increased by 9.1 and 7.3% toward the standard range, respectively. For every 10% increase in distance between residence and plaza and park, the walking activity volume decreased by 5.4 and 3.2%, and BMI decreased by 9.9 and 6.3%, respectively.
For every 10.4% increase in land mixed-use rate and per capita green area, BMI increased by 19.4%. Furthermore, higher household income and number of family members have significant correlation with walking activities and health effects. Moreover, the block-scale built environment and walking activities jointly affected health, with a cross-functional relationship between multiple factors.
在人口密度大、老龄化率高的密集型老城区，针对老年人微观建成环境与身体活动之间关系的研究较为匮乏。特别是，城市街区土地利用模式与老年人步行活动之间的关系尚未完全明晰。
本研究调查了中国南京市 17 个具有不同建成环境特征的街区中老年人的日常步行习惯和社会经济属性。采用多层线性模型对各种因素对老年人健康影响的作用机制进行定量分析。
研究结果表明，邻里出行便捷度与提高步行频率和活动量之间呈显著正相关。行人道路连通性和土地利用每增加 10%，步行活动量分别增加 22.4%和 12%，BMI 向标准范围增加 9.1%和 7.3%。居住与广场和公园之间的距离每增加 10%，步行活动量分别减少 5.4%和 3.2%，BMI 分别减少 9.9%和 6.3%。
土地混合使用率和人均绿地面积每增加 10.4%，BMI 就会增加 19.4%。此外，较高的家庭收入和家庭成员数量与步行活动和健康效应显著相关。此外，街区尺度的建成环境和步行活动共同影响健康，多个因素之间存在交叉功能关系。
