Mallouhi Julie, Hornyák-Mester Enikő, Varga Miklós, Viskolcz Béla, Fiser Béla, Szőri-Dorogházi Emma
Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 25;10(19):e38440. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38440. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a special class of polymeric materials that differ significantly from most other types of plastic in many aspects. They can be utilized in a wide range of products, including paints, coatings, elastomers, insulators, elastic fibers, and foams. PU foams are especially important as part of various convenience products. PU products often end up in landfills when they are no longer useful and can release toxic compounds when damaged by humans or microbes. Therefore, the ecotoxicological assessment of PU foams is essential. In this paper, five PU foam samples were prepared with different NCO indices (NCO-0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2) and together with the Control sample (a previously tested non-toxic foam sample) were applied to develop toxicity tests procedure, while intentionally prepared Toxic foam has been used to verify the accuracy of the developed testing procedure. Two test organisms were successfully applied, (white mustard) seeds and (non-pathogenic) bacterial model organisms, and toxicity tests were adapted for the examination of PU-derived substances. Regarding test, the highest NCO index (NCO-1.2) significantly reduced root length by 9.8 % compared to the Control sample. In the bacterial test, it was observed that the samples containing NCO-1.1 and NCO-1.2 had lower colony numbers (5.0 × 10 and 4.9 × 10 CFU/mL respectively) in comparison to the Control plate (9.6 × 10 CFU/mL). All in all, two toxicity tests were successfully adapted for PU foams, and both are applicable in their ecotoxicological assessment.
聚氨酯（PU）是一类特殊的聚合材料，在许多方面与大多数其他类型的塑料有显著差异。它们可用于多种产品，包括油漆、涂料、弹性体、绝缘体、弹性纤维和泡沫。聚氨酯泡沫作为各种便利产品的一部分尤为重要。聚氨酯产品在不再有用时通常最终会被填埋，并且在受到人类或微生物破坏时会释放有毒化合物。因此，对聚氨酯泡沫进行生态毒理学评估至关重要。在本文中，制备了五个具有不同NCO指数（NCO-0.8、0.9、1.0、1.1和1.2）的聚氨酯泡沫样品，并与对照样品（先前测试的无毒泡沫样品）一起用于开发毒性测试程序，同时使用故意制备的有毒泡沫来验证所开发测试程序的准确性。成功应用了两种测试生物，即白芥种子和非致病细菌模式生物，并对毒性测试进行了调整以检测源自聚氨酯的物质。关于种子测试，与对照样品相比，最高的NCO指数（NCO-1.2）使根长度显著减少了9.8%。在细菌测试中，观察到与对照平板（9.6×10 CFU/mL）相比，含有NCO-1.1和NCO-1.2的样品菌落数较低（分别为5.0×10和4.9×10 CFU/mL）。总而言之，两种毒性测试成功适用于聚氨酯泡沫，并且两者都可用于其生态毒理学评估。
