A comprehensive review of primary cooling techniques and thermal management strategies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells PEMFC.

Enhancing the endurance and efficiency of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) requires efficient thermal management. This comprehensive review examines the primary cooling techniques employed in PEMFC systems, concentrating on techniques for air and liquid cooling. Liquid cooling, which circulates a coolant through channels adjacent to the ability of the fuel cell stack to maintain ideal operating temperatures, is highlighted and significantly reduces temperature variations, thereby improving overall efficiency and lifespan. In contrast, air cooling, while simpler and more cost-effective, is less effective in high-power applications due to its reliance on ambient air for heat dissipation. The review also discusses advancements in thermal management strategies, including innovative designs for heat exchangers and the integration of thermal resistance networks, which enhance heat dissipation efficiency. Furthermore, the paper underscores the importance of developing durable materials to address catalyst and membrane degradation, and it explores the potential for integrating PEMFCs using renewable energy sources to encourage environmentally friendly transportation solutions. By identifying current challenges and proposing future research directions, this review aims to support the continuous creation of effective and reliable PEMFC technologies.