Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2024 Sep-Oct;31(5):e3070. doi: 10.1002/cpp.3070.
Childhood maltreatment, alexithymia and impulsivity are related to bipolar disorder (BD), but the role of potential underlying mechanisms of this link, such as extreme sensory processing, in BD are unclear. This study compared sensory processing patterns between individuals with BD-I or BD-II and between those with and without alexithymia and childhood maltreatment. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the role of extreme sensory processing in the relationship between childhood trauma, alexithymia and impulsivity with both depression and mania in a sample of hospitalized individuals with BD (n = 300). Participants completed self-report and clinician-rated scales. Patients with BD-II exceeded those with BD-I in low registration, sensory sensitivity and sensation avoidance, whereas patients with BD-I exhibited a more heightened sensation-seeking pattern. Patients with BD who had alexithymia and a history of childhood maltreatment exhibited more heightened sensory processing patterns, apart from sensory seeking, compared to those without alexithymia and childhood maltreatment. Additionally, the same pattern was more pronounced in individuals with BD who had both alexithymia and childhood maltreatment compared to those with either condition or neither of these conditions. The pathways from childhood maltreatment and alexithymia to depressive symptoms were mediated by low registration and sensation avoidance. Sensory seeking indirectly affected the link between alexithymia and manic symptoms. Childhood maltreatment and challenges in effectively processing emotional information, along with their related hypo- and hypersensitivity, may characterize BD individuals and its manifestation of depressive and manic symptoms.
儿童虐待、述情障碍和冲动与双相情感障碍（BD）有关，但潜在机制，如极端感觉处理，在 BD 中的作用尚不清楚。本研究比较了 BD-I 或 BD-II 个体与述情障碍和儿童虐待个体之间的感觉处理模式。此外，本研究旨在检验在住院 BD 患者样本中（n=300），童年创伤、述情障碍和冲动与抑郁和躁狂之间的关系中，极端感觉处理在其中的作用（n=300）。参与者完成了自我报告和临床医生评定量表。BD-II 患者的低登记、感觉敏感和感觉回避程度高于 BD-I 患者，而 BD-I 患者表现出更高的感觉寻求模式。与没有述情障碍和儿童虐待的患者相比，有述情障碍和儿童虐待史的 BD 患者表现出更高的感觉处理模式，除了感觉寻求。此外，在同时具有述情障碍和儿童虐待的患者中，这种模式更为明显，而在具有这两种情况或都没有这两种情况的患者中则不明显。童年虐待和述情障碍与抑郁症状的关系途径是由低登记和感觉回避介导的。感觉寻求间接影响了述情障碍与躁狂症状之间的联系。童年虐待和有效处理情绪信息的挑战，以及与之相关的低敏和过敏，可能是 BD 个体及其抑郁和躁狂症状表现的特征。
