Kawai Claudia, Jäggi Jonas, Georgiou Fotis, Meister Jonas, Pieren Reto, Schäffer Beat
Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2024 Oct 1;156(4):2578-2595. doi: 10.1121/10.0032386.
Noise from unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly referred to as "drones," will likely shape our acoustic environment in the near future. Yet, reactions of the population to this new noise source are still little explored. The objective of this study was to investigate short-term noise annoyance reactions to drones in a controlled laboratory experiment. Annoyance to (i) two quadcopters of different sizes in relation to common contemporary transportation noise sources (jet aircraft, propeller aircraft, helicopters, single car passbys), and (ii) different drone maneuvers (takeoff; landing; high, medium, and low flybys) flown at different speeds and elevations was systematically assessed. The results revealed that, at the same sound exposure level, drones are perceived as substantially more annoying than other airborne vehicles and passenger cars. Furthermore, for drone maneuvers, landings, and takeoffs are more annoying than flybys, as are maneuvers flown at low speed. Different loudness metrics (LAE, LDE, effective perceived noise level, psychoacoustic loudness level) accounted for drone noise annoyance ratings to an equal degree. An analysis of psychoacoustic parameters highlighted the significant link between drone noise annoyance and tonality, sharpness, and loudness level. The results suggest a different perception and an increased annoyance potential of drones, which will likely require specifically tailored legislation.
无人驾驶飞行器（通常称为“无人机”）产生的噪音在不久的将来可能会塑造我们的声学环境。然而，人们对这种新噪音源的反应仍鲜有研究。本研究的目的是在可控的实验室实验中调查对无人机的短期噪音烦恼反应。系统评估了对（i）两架不同尺寸的四轴飞行器相对于常见当代交通噪音源（喷气式飞机、螺旋桨飞机、直升机、单辆汽车驶过）的烦恼程度，以及（ii）以不同速度和高度飞行的不同无人机操作（起飞；降落；高、中、低掠飞）的烦恼程度。结果显示，在相同的声暴露水平下，无人机比其他空中交通工具和乘用车更令人烦恼。此外，对于无人机操作，降落和起飞比掠飞更令人烦恼，低速飞行的操作也是如此。不同的响度指标（等效连续A声级、感觉噪声级、有效感觉噪声级、心理声学响度级）对无人机噪音烦恼评级的解释程度相同。对心理声学参数的分析突出了无人机噪音烦恼与音调、尖锐度和响度水平之间的显著联系。结果表明，人们对无人机的认知不同，其令人烦恼的可能性增加，这可能需要专门制定相关法规。
