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: Vaginal predominance is associated with improved vaginal health and reduced pregnancy complications. Little is known about how dietary quality may improve vaginal microbial composition or about dietary interventions that may promote abundance. To understand the host factors affecting vaginal microbiota during pregnancy in a multi-ethnic cohort in Hawai`i. We hypothesize that better diet quality improves vaginal microbial composition, as represented by abundance and depletion of anaerobic organisms. : We compared comprehensive diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), to taxonomic classifications of bacteria present within the vagina. Participants of the four predominant ethnic groups in Hawai'i (Japanese, Filipino, Non-Hispanic White and Native Hawaiian) completed Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (QFFQs) and collected vaginal swabs during each trimester. 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing (V2-V9 regions) was performed on vaginal samples. HEI-2015 scores and macro- and micronutrient intake were compared with the predominant species present using the Mann-Whitney-U test, PERMANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. A mixed-effects logistics regression model was used to predict the depletion of species while accounting for confounding demographic factors. : Matched, longitudinal data for 40 participants demonstrated three predominant species: and , with another subset of samples with anaerobic abundance. (Primarily, , , and .) Non-Hispanic White participants had lower amounts of compared to other racial and ethnic groups. HEI scores correlated with the chao index and observed species number primarily in the first trimester (r = 0.25, < 0.05). Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with a higher abundance of , while lower carbohydrate intake trended towards more (0.056) and anaerobic species. : Increased carbohydrate consumption and improved diet quality may be associated with beneficial vaginal microbial composition in pregnancy.

阴道优势与改善阴道健康和降低妊娠并发症有关。人们对饮食质量如何改善阴道微生物组成或促进有益菌丰度的饮食干预措施知之甚少。为了了解在夏威夷的多民族队列中，怀孕期间影响阴道微生物群的宿主因素。我们假设更好的饮食质量会改善阴道微生物组成，表现为厌氧菌的丰度和耗竭。

我们比较了综合饮食质量，通过 2015 年健康饮食指数（HEI-2015）来衡量，与阴道内存在的细菌的分类学分类。夏威夷四大主要族裔（日本、菲律宾、非西班牙裔白人和夏威夷原住民）的参与者完成了定量食物频率问卷（QFFQ），并在每个孕期收集阴道拭子。对阴道样本进行 16s rRNA 扩增子测序（V2-V9 区）。使用 Mann-Whitney-U 检验、PERMANOVA 和 Pearson 相关系数比较 HEI-2015 评分以及宏量和微量营养素摄入与主要优势种。使用混合效应逻辑回归模型来预测有益菌的耗竭，同时考虑混杂的人口统计学因素。

40 名参与者的匹配纵向数据显示了三种主要的优势菌：和，另一部分样本中存在厌氧菌丰度。（主要是、、和。）与其他种族和族裔相比，非西班牙裔白人参与者的数量较少。HEI 评分与 Chao 指数和观察到的物种数量主要在孕早期相关（r=0.25，p<0.05）。更多的碳水化合物摄入与更高的丰度相关，而较低的碳水化合物摄入则与更多的和厌氧菌呈趋势相关（0.056）。

增加碳水化合物的摄入和改善饮食质量可能与怀孕期间有益的阴道微生物组成有关。