Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, 2600 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 9;16(19):3415. doi: 10.3390/nu16193415.
The connection between diet and migraine has gained increasing attention in migraine research due to its potential relevance as part of migraine treatment. This study reviewed the current evidence on the use of diets or specific foods in the prevention of migraine. A PubMed search was performed with the keywords "diet and migraine" OR "brain-gut-axis and migraine". One author (KVN) screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and excluded or included them based on eligibility criteria. A ketogenic diet and a "Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension" diet reduced attack duration ( < 0.002), frequency ( < 0.05), and severity ( < 0.01). The ketogenic diet also reduced monthly medication intake ( ≤ 0.05). A low-fat vegan diet mixed with an elimination diet reduced the attack duration ( < 0.01), frequency ( < 0.05), severity ( < 0.0001), and percentage of medicated headaches ( < 0.001). Elimination diet reduced attack duration ( < 0.05), frequency ( < 0.02), severity ( < 0.01), and medication intake ( < 0.002). Elimination diet with IgG-positive foods reduced attack frequency ( < 0.001), and total medication intake ( < 0.01). Gluten-free diet reduced frequency ( = 0.02) and severity ( = 0.013). Certain diets and food items may trigger attacks in some migraine patients, though the overall evidence supporting this is limited. Modifying a diet may reduce symptoms such as attack duration, frequency, severity, and medication intake. However, the included studies' small populations and diverse study designs make the results difficult to apply in clinical practise. Further high-quality, double-blinded, randomised controlled trials are necessary to confirm the association between diet and migraine.
饮食与偏头痛之间的关系在偏头痛研究中受到越来越多的关注，因为它作为偏头痛治疗的一部分具有潜在的相关性。本研究综述了目前关于饮食或特定食物在预防偏头痛中的应用的证据。使用关键词“饮食与偏头痛”或“脑肠轴与偏头痛”在 PubMed 上进行了检索。一位作者（KVN）筛选了标题、摘要和全文文章，并根据纳入标准排除或纳入了这些文章。生酮饮食和“停止高血压的饮食方法”饮食降低了发作持续时间（<0.002）、频率（<0.05）和严重程度（<0.01）。生酮饮食还减少了每月药物摄入（≤0.05）。低脂素食饮食与排除饮食相结合降低了发作持续时间（<0.01）、频率（<0.05）、严重程度（<0.0001）和用药头痛的百分比（<0.001）。排除饮食降低了发作持续时间（<0.05）、频率（<0.02）、严重程度（<0.01）和药物摄入（<0.002）。排除 IgG 阳性食物的饮食降低了发作频率（<0.001）和总药物摄入（<0.01）。无麸质饮食降低了频率（=0.02）和严重程度（=0.013）。某些饮食和食物可能会引发一些偏头痛患者的发作，但支持这一点的总体证据有限。改变饮食可能会减轻发作持续时间、频率、严重程度和药物摄入等症状。然而，纳入研究的小样本量和多样化的研究设计使得这些结果难以在临床实践中应用。需要进一步开展高质量、双盲、随机对照试验来证实饮食与偏头痛之间的关联。
