Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 24;25(19):10233. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910233.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer as well as the most prevalent cause of death in the adult patient population with cirrhosis. The occurrence of HCC is primarily caused by chronic liver inflammation that might occur because of a viral infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or various lifestyle-associated factors. The objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the microenvironment of HCC, indicating how immune- and non-immune-cell stroma might affect the onset and progression of HCC. Therefore, in the following narrative review, we described the role of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, bone-marrow-derived cells, tumor-associated mast cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, liver-sinusoidal endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and certain cytokines in liver inflammation and the further progression to HCC. A better understanding of the HCC microenvironment might be crucial to introducing novel treatment strategies or combined therapies that could lead to more effective clinical outcomes.
肝细胞癌 (HCC) 是最常见的肝癌，也是肝硬化成年患者群体中最常见的死亡原因。HCC 的发生主要是由慢性肝脏炎症引起的，这种炎症可能是由于病毒感染、非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD) 或各种与生活方式相关的因素引起的。本综述的目的是总结 HCC 微环境的现有知识，指出免疫和非免疫细胞基质如何影响 HCC 的发生和进展。因此，在下面的叙述性综述中，我们描述了肿瘤浸润中性粒细胞、骨髓来源细胞、肿瘤相关肥大细胞、癌相关成纤维细胞、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、肝窦内皮细胞、淋巴细胞和某些细胞因子在肝脏炎症和进一步发展为 HCC 中的作用。更好地了解 HCC 微环境对于引入新的治疗策略或联合治疗可能导致更有效的临床结果可能至关重要。
