Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 26;25(19):10353. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910353.
Organ and tissue damage can result from injury and disease. How to facilitate regeneration from damage has been a topic for centuries, and still, we are trying to find agents to use for treatments. Two groups of biological substances are known to facilitate wound healing. Phytochemicals with bioactive properties form one group. Many phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory effects and enhance wound healing. Recent studies have described their effects at the gene and protein expression levels, highlighting the receptors and signaling pathways involved. The extremely large number of phytochemicals and the multiple types of receptors they activate suggest a broad range of applicability for their clinical use. The hydrophobic nature of many phytochemicals and the difficulty with chemical stabilization have been a problem. Recent developments in biotechnology and nanotechnology methods are enabling researchers to overcome these problems. The other group of biological substances is extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are now known to have important biological functions, including the improvement of wound healing. The proteins and nanoparticles contained in mammalian EVs as well as the specificity of the targets of microRNAs included in the EVs are becoming clear. Plant-derived EVs have been found to contain phytochemicals. The overlap in the wound-healing capabilities of both phytochemicals and EVs and the differences in their nature suggest the possibility of a combinatorial use of the two groups, which may enhance their effects.
器官和组织损伤可由损伤和疾病引起。如何促进损伤后的再生已经成为一个世纪以来的课题，我们仍在试图寻找可用于治疗的药物。有两类生物物质已知可促进伤口愈合。具有生物活性的植物化学物质形成了一组。许多植物化学物质具有抗炎作用并能促进伤口愈合。最近的研究已经描述了它们在基因和蛋白质表达水平上的作用，强调了涉及的受体和信号通路。植物化学物质数量极多，它们激活的受体类型多样，这表明它们的临床应用范围很广。许多植物化学物质的疏水性和化学稳定性的问题一直是一个难题。生物技术和纳米技术方法的最新发展使研究人员能够克服这些问题。另一组生物物质是细胞外囊泡 (EVs)，现在已知其具有重要的生物学功能，包括促进伤口愈合。哺乳动物 EVs 中包含的蛋白质和纳米颗粒以及 EVs 中包含的 microRNAs 的靶标特异性正在变得清晰。已发现植物来源的 EVs 中含有植物化学物质。植物化学物质和 EVs 的伤口愈合能力的重叠以及它们性质上的差异表明，这两组物质可能具有组合使用的可能性，这可能会增强它们的效果。
