Mertz Marcel, Hetzel Tatiana, Alex Karla, Braun Katharina, Camenzind Samuel, Dodaro Rita, Jörgensen Svea, Linder Erich, Capas-Peneda Sara, Reihs Eva Ingeborg, Tiwari Vini, Todorović Zorana, Kahrass Hannes, Selter Felicitas
Institute for Ethics, History and Philosophy of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Section Translational Medical Ethics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Oct 8;14(19):2896. doi: 10.3390/ani14192896.
Can nonhuman animals be used for the benefit of humans in a scientifically and morally justified manner and, if yes, how? Based on our own experiences as scholars from various academic backgrounds, we argue that this question can only be answered as an interdisciplinary and international endeavor, considering insights from research ethics and animal ethics as well as scientific and legal aspects. The aim of this article is to contribute to the foundation of the emerging field of animal research ethics. In doing so, we describe the following seven phases of animal research experiments: ethical, legal and social presumptions (phase 0), planning (phase I), review (phase II), conduct of experiments (phase III), publication/dissemination (phase IV), further exploitation of results (phase V), and evaluation (phase VI). In total, 20 key ethical, legal, and practical challenges that an ethical framework for the use of animals in research needs to address are identified and analyzed. Finally, we characterize the following four meta-challenges and opportunities associated with animal research ethics as a field: (1) moral pluralism, (2) the integration of views and positions outside the laboratory, (3) international plurality of conduct, standards, and legal norms, and (4) interdisciplinary education.
非人类动物能否以科学和道德上合理的方式用于人类的利益？如果可以，该如何做？基于我们这些来自不同学术背景的学者自身的经验，我们认为这个问题只能作为一项跨学科和国际性的工作来回答，要考虑到研究伦理和动物伦理以及科学和法律方面的见解。本文旨在为新兴的动物研究伦理领域奠定基础。在此过程中，我们描述了动物研究实验的以下七个阶段：伦理、法律和社会推定（阶段0）、规划（阶段I）、审查（阶段II）、实验实施（阶段III）、发表/传播（阶段IV）、结果的进一步利用（阶段V）以及评估（阶段VI）。总共确定并分析了研究中使用动物的伦理框架需要应对的20个关键伦理、法律和实际挑战。最后，我们描述了与动物研究伦理这一领域相关的以下四个元挑战和机遇：（1）道德多元主义，（2）实验室之外观点和立场的整合，（3）行为、标准和法律规范的国际多样性，以及（4）跨学科教育。
