Namjoo Moslem, Dibagar Nesa, Golbakhshi Hossein, Figiel Adam, Masztalerz Klaudia
Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft 7867155311, Iran.
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
Foods. 2024 Sep 27;13(19):3084. doi: 10.3390/foods13193084.
In this study, the hot-air drying of caraway seeds was enhanced using two nonthermal physical field technologies: cold plasma (CP) and ultrasonic waves (US). Air drying temperatures of 35, 45, and 55 °C with CP pretreatment exposure times (CP) of 25 and 50 s were used. When convective drying was accompanied by US, power levels (US) of 60, 120, and 180 W were applied. Experimentally, the most effective contribution was found by using both CP pretreatment (25 s) and US (180 W), in which the maximum decreases of 31% and 39% were estimated for the drying period and specific energy consumption, respectively. The total color change, the rupture force, , , and antioxidant capacity were also estimated for evaluating the quality of dried products. In a CP-US-assisted drying program (25 s, 180 W), the minimum change in color and the rupture force were found to be 6.40 N and 20.21 N, respectively. Compared to the pure air drying, the combined application of CP and US resulted in a mean increase of 53.2, 43.6, and 24.01% in , , and antioxidant capacity of extracts at the temperature of 35 °C. Based on the response surface methodology (RSM) approach and obtained experimental data, accurate mathematical predictive models were developed for finding the optimal drying condition. The optimization process revealed that 39 °C, 180 W, and 23 s resulted in a desirability of 0.78 for drying caraway seeds.
在本研究中，采用两种非热物理场技术：冷等离子体（CP）和超声波（US）来强化葛缕子籽的热风干燥。使用了35、45和55℃的热风干燥温度，以及25秒和50秒的CP预处理暴露时间（CP）。当对流干燥伴有US时，施加了60、120和180W的功率水平（US）。实验发现，同时使用CP预处理（25秒）和US（180W）的效果最为显著，干燥时间和比能耗分别估计最多可降低31%和39%。还评估了总颜色变化、破裂力、……以及抗氧化能力，以评价干燥产品的质量。在CP-US辅助干燥程序（25秒，180W）中，颜色变化和破裂力的最小值分别为6.40N和20.21N。与纯热风干燥相比，在35℃温度下，CP和US联合应用使提取物的……、……和抗氧化能力平均提高了53.2%、43.6%和24.01%。基于响应面法（RSM）方法和获得的实验数据，建立了精确的数学预测模型，以找到最佳干燥条件。优化过程表明，39℃、180W和23秒的条件下，干燥葛缕子籽的可取性为0.78。
