The effect of external load on torque production by knee extensors.

The kinematics of the knee joint are load-dependent; the length of the lever arm of the extensor mechanism and the pathway of the instant center of rotation vary with external load. This study was conducted to determine if the maximum extensor torque-generating capacity of the knee joint is dependent on the distance from the knee joint at which the external force resisting extension is located. Maximum isometric extensor torques were measured at 90 and 30 degrees of knee flexion while the distance from the knee joint to the resisting force was varied. Our results demonstrated that the subjects generated larger maximum extensor torques, at both 90 and 30 degrees of knee flexion, when the external resisting force was positioned farther distal to the knee joint. This increase was as large as 50 per cent with the knee at 30 degrees of flexion.