Morgan Sara A, Scott Steph, Chandan Joht, Armitage Rachel, Culliford David, Jolly Kate, McGovern Ruth, McGovern William, Roy Jessica, Thayakaran Rasiah, Young Tracey A, Parkes Julie
Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Southampton, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, England, SO16 6YD, UK.
Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, NE1 4LP, UK.
NIHR Open Res. 2024 Aug 1;4:43. doi: 10.3310/nihropenres.13609.1. eCollection 2024.
Interventions related to the perpetration of Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) have gained traction over the past several years, in response to dissatisfaction by victims, an inadequate response from the criminal justice system, increased demand on police time and a lack of rehabilitative responses to the perpetration of domestic abuse. The CARA model is a conditional diversionary caution, offered by police for first time offenders of 'standard' or 'medium risk' domestic abuse, that engages perpetrators in awareness raising workshops and signposts them onto further services. Although quasi-experimental studies have indicated that CARA showed promise at reducing reoffending, the CARA model has yet to be evaluated nationally and there is no qualitative evidence related to understanding or learning about the lived experience of perpetrators and victims as they engage with the intervention.
Using a concurrent pragmatic mixed methods design model we will undertake a national evaluation of CARA by triangulating quantitative data from up to nine police forces, and routine data from service providers, with qualitative data from workshop participants, victims and professional stakeholders to: (1) understand the long-term impact of CARA implementation on DVA reoffending and engagement with services and (2) explore perceptions and experiences of both delivery and receipt of CARA. We will use qualitative methodologies that draw on interpretivist and phenomenological perspectives, as well as quantitative methodologies using interrupted time series models, Poisson regression models, Geo mapping and a cost benefits analysis.
Where currently the CARA model is being introduced as a national option for standard risk first-time offending, we will engage with policymakers and academics nationally in the live debate on its effectiveness and suitability during its roll-out. Ethical approval was approved by the University of Southampton on the 1 June 2022 (Ref: ERGO ID: 71818.A1).
过去几年，针对家庭暴力与虐待行为（DVA）的干预措施越来越受到关注，这是由于受害者不满、刑事司法系统应对不力、警方工作时间需求增加以及对家庭暴力犯罪缺乏康复性应对措施。CARA模式是一种有条件的转移式告诫，由警方提供给“标准”或“中度风险”家庭暴力的初犯，让犯罪者参加提高认识的工作坊，并为他们指引进一步的服务。尽管准实验研究表明CARA在减少再犯罪方面显示出前景，但CARA模式尚未在全国范围内进行评估，也没有关于犯罪者和受害者在参与干预时的生活经历的定性证据。
我们将采用同步实用混合方法设计模型，通过整合来自多达九个警察部队的定量数据、服务提供商的常规数据以及工作坊参与者、受害者和专业利益相关者的定性数据，对CARA进行全国性评估，以：（1）了解实施CARA对家庭暴力再犯罪和服务参与的长期影响；（2）探索对CARA实施和接受的看法与经历。我们将使用借鉴解释主义和现象学观点的定性方法，以及使用中断时间序列模型、泊松回归模型、地理映射和成本效益分析的定量方法。
目前CARA模式正作为标准风险初犯的全国性选择被引入，我们将在其推广过程中与全国的政策制定者和学者就其有效性和适用性展开实时辩论。伦理批准于2022年6月1日获得南安普顿大学批准（参考编号：ERGO ID：71818.A1）。
