Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 16;19(10):e0273063. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273063. eCollection 2024.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with chronic airway obstruction, even in patients who have achieved viral suppression from combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). Spirometry is a supplementary test that aids in diagnosing pulmonary dysfunction in people living with HIV.
To compare the prevalence of spirometric abnormalities among cART-treated HIV patients and cART-naïve HIV patients with non-HIV controls with no recent history of pulmonary infection in a peri-urban hospital in Ghana.
In a case-control design, spirometry was performed in 158 cART-treated HIV patients, 150 cART-naïve HIV patients and 156 non-HIV controls. Clinical, sociodemographic data and respiratory symptoms were collected using a structured questionnaire. Spirometric abnormalities were categorised as obstructive (OSP) or restrictive (RSP) spirometric patterns based on the Cameroonian reference equation.
The prevalence of OSP was higher in the cART-treated and cART-naïve HIV patients compared to non-HIV controls (13.9% vs 10.7% vs 5.1% respectively, p = 0.026), whereas that of RSP was similar among the study groups. Respiratory symptoms were common among cART-treated and cART-naïve HIV patients compared to non-HIV controls (48.1% vs 40% vs 19.2% respectively, p < 0.001). The major factors associated with OSP were female gender [OR (95% CI) = 2.46 (1.09-5.13), p = 0.031], former cigarette smoking [1.92 (1.04-3.89), p < 0.001], exposure to medium-to-high levels of biomass [3.07 (1.16-8.73), p = 0.019], presence of a respiratory symptom [1.89 (1.11-5.08), p = 0.029] and unemployment [3.26 (1.19-8.95), p = 0.042]. The major determinants of RSP were age, female gender [1.74 (1.05-4.29), p = 0.041], former cigarette smoking [2.31 (1.27-6.77), p < 0.001] and medium-to-high biomass exposure [1.58 (1.06-5.37), p = 0.043].
In HIV patients without any recent pulmonary infection in a peri-urban area of Ghana, there was a higher prevalence of OSP among cART-treated and cART naïve HIV patients compared to the non-HIV control. However, the prevalence of RSP was similar among HIV patients and non-HIV controls.
艾滋病毒（HIV）感染与慢性气道阻塞有关，即使在接受联合抗逆转录病毒治疗（cART）已实现病毒抑制的患者中也是如此。肺量测定是一种辅助检查，可帮助诊断 HIV 感染者的肺功能障碍。
在加纳一个城市周边医院中，比较接受 cART 治疗的 HIV 患者、未接受 cART 治疗的 HIV 患者和无近期肺部感染史的非 HIV 对照者中肺量测定异常的发生率。
采用病例对照设计，对 158 例接受 cART 治疗的 HIV 患者、150 例未接受 cART 治疗的 HIV 患者和 156 例非 HIV 对照者进行肺量测定。使用结构化问卷收集临床、社会人口统计学数据和呼吸症状。根据喀麦隆参考方程，将肺量测定异常分为阻塞性（OSP）或限制性（RSP）肺量测定模式。
与非 HIV 对照组相比，接受 cART 治疗和未接受 cART 治疗的 HIV 患者中 OSP 的发生率更高（分别为 13.9%、10.7%和 5.1%，p = 0.026），而 RSP 的发生率在各组之间相似。与非 HIV 对照组相比，接受 cART 治疗和未接受 cART 治疗的 HIV 患者中呼吸症状更为常见（分别为 48.1%、40%和 19.2%，p < 0.001）。OSP 的主要相关因素为女性（OR（95%CI）=2.46（1.09-5.13），p = 0.031）、曾吸烟（1.92（1.04-3.89），p < 0.001）、暴露于中至高水平的生物量（3.07（1.16-8.73），p = 0.019）、存在呼吸症状（1.89（1.11-5.08），p = 0.029）和失业（3.26（1.19-8.95），p = 0.042）。RSP 的主要决定因素为年龄、女性（1.74（1.05-4.29），p = 0.041）、曾吸烟（2.31（1.27-6.77），p < 0.001）和中至高水平的生物量暴露（1.58（1.06-5.37），p = 0.043）。
在加纳城市周边地区无近期肺部感染的 HIV 患者中，与非 HIV 对照组相比，接受 cART 治疗和未接受 cART 治疗的 HIV 患者中 OSP 的发生率更高。然而，HIV 患者和非 HIV 对照组中 RSP 的发生率相似。
