Zhukova J V, Lopatnikova J A, Alshevskaya A A, Sennikov S V
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology" (RIFCI), Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2024 Dec;80:59-71. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.09.004. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the development and regulation of nonspecific defense and specific immunity. However, its regulatory influence extends beyond inflammation and impacts a range of immune and non-immune processes. The involvement of IL-1 in numerous biological processes, including modulation of inflammation, necessitates strict regulation at multiple levels. This review focuses on these regulatory processes and discusses their underlying mechanisms. IL-1 activity is controlled at various levels, including receptor binding, gene transcription, expression as inactive proforms, and regulated post-translational processing and secretion. Regulation at the level of the receptor expression - alternative splicing, tissue-specific isoforms, and gene polymorphism - is also crucial to IL-1 functional activity. Understanding these regulatory features of IL-1 will not only continue to shape future research directions but will also highlight promising therapeutic strategies to modulate the biological effects of IL-1.
白细胞介素1（IL-1）是一种促炎细胞因子，在非特异性防御和特异性免疫的发展与调节中起关键作用。然而，其调节作用不仅限于炎症，还影响一系列免疫和非免疫过程。IL-1参与众多生物学过程，包括炎症调节，这就需要在多个层面进行严格调控。本综述聚焦于这些调控过程并探讨其潜在机制。IL-1的活性在多个层面受到控制，包括受体结合、基因转录、以无活性前体形式表达以及翻译后加工和分泌的调控。受体表达水平的调控——可变剪接、组织特异性异构体和基因多态性——对IL-1的功能活性也至关重要。了解IL-1的这些调控特性不仅将继续塑造未来的研究方向，还将突出有前景的治疗策略以调节IL-1的生物学效应。
