Singer M I, Blom E D, Hamaker R C
Laryngoscope. 1986 Jan;96(1):50-4. doi: 10.1288/00005537-198601000-00008.
Pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeal spasm have been implicated as deterrants to esophageal speech acquisition as well as tracheoesophageal phonation. Recent efforts to reduce the resultant hypertonicity include pharyngeal constrictor myotomies and modifications of pharyngeal reconstruction during laryngectomy. Investigation of the innervation of the muscular wall of the pharynx led to the development of a pharyngeal plexus neurectomy technique to alter the tonicity of the pharynx without myotomy. The resultant alaryngeal speech is fluent, and acoustic parameters compare favorably to esophageal speech.
