Wille Michelle, Broz Ivano, Cherrington Tanya, Crawley Allison, Farrugia Blaine, Ford Mark, Frost Melinda, Grimsey Joanne, Kirkland Peter D, Latimore Shaylie, Lynch Stacey E, Martin Sue, Matereke Cornelius, Mee Peter T, Neave Matthew J, O'Dea Mark, Read Andrew J, O'Riley Kim, Stevens Vittoria, Thayaparan Sivapiragasam, Zufan Sara, Ban de Gouvea Pedroso Silvia, Grillo Victoria, Breed Andrew C, Barr Ian G, Holmes Edward C, Klaassen Marcel, Wong Frank Y K
Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Virus Evol. 2024 Sep 10;10(1):veae076. doi: 10.1093/ve/veae076. eCollection 2024.
The current panzootic of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 demonstrates how viral incursions can have major ramifications for wildlife and domestic animals. Herein, we describe the recent incursion into Australia of two low pathogenicity avian influenza virus subtypes, H4 and H10, that exhibited contrasting evolutionary dynamics. Viruses detected from national surveillance and disease investigations between 2020 and 2022 revealed 27 genomes, 24 of which have at least one segment more closely related to Eurasian or North American avian influenza lineages than those already circulating in Australia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H4 viruses circulating in shorebirds represent a recent incursion from Asia that is distinct from those circulating concurrently in Australian waterfowl. Analysis of the internal segments further demonstrates exclusive, persistent circulation in shorebirds. This contrasts with H10, where a novel lineage has emerged in wild waterfowl, poultry, and captive birds across Australia and has likely replaced previously circulating H10 lineages through competitive exclusion. Elucidating different dynamics for avian influenza incursions supports effective disease risk identification and communication that better informs disease preparedness and response.
当前高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1的大流行表明，病毒入侵会对野生动物和家畜产生重大影响。在此，我们描述了两种低致病性禽流感病毒亚型H4和H10最近入侵澳大利亚的情况，它们呈现出截然不同的进化动态。2020年至2022年期间，通过国家监测和疾病调查检测到的病毒共有27个基因组，其中24个基因组的至少一个片段与欧亚或北美禽流感谱系的关系比澳大利亚已流行的病毒更密切。系统发育分析表明，在滨鸟中传播的H4病毒是近期从亚洲传入的，与澳大利亚水禽中同时传播的病毒不同。对内部片段的分析进一步表明，H4病毒在滨鸟中持续独立传播。这与H10病毒形成对比，在澳大利亚各地的野生水禽、家禽和圈养鸟类中出现了一个新的谱系，并且可能通过竞争排斥取代了先前传播的H10谱系。阐明禽流感入侵的不同动态有助于进行有效的疾病风险识别和信息交流，从而更好地为疾病防范和应对提供依据。
