The prospect of fruit wastes in bioethanol production: A review.

Utilising agricultural byproducts specifically fruit wastes for bioethanol production offers a promising approach to sustainable energy production and waste mitigation. This approach focuses on assessing the biochemical composition of fruit wastes, particularly their sugar content, as a key aspect of bioethanol production. This study evaluates the potential of pineapple, mango, pawpaw and watermelon fruit wastes for bioethanol production, highlighting the substantial organic waste generated during fruit processing stages such as peeling and pulping. Various techniques, including enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation, are reviewed to optimise bioethanol yields while addressing challenges such as seasonal availability, substrate variability and process optimisation. Besides, the environmental benefits of bioethanol derived from fruit wastes, such as reduced environmental pollution, decreased reliance on fossil fuels, and promotion of sustainable agricultural practices, are emphasised. The study deployed a comprehensive literature review using keywords, specific research questions, and a search strategy that included academic databases, library catalogues, and Google Scholar. Search results were systematically screened and selected based on their relevance to the topic.