Huang Yu Xi, Mahler Simon, Abedi Aidin, Tyszka Julian Michael, Lo Yu Tung, Lyden Patrick D, Russin Jonathan, Liu Charles, Yang Changhuei
Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
USC Neurorestoration Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Biomed Opt Express. 2024 Sep 30;15(10):6083-6097. doi: 10.1364/BOE.534796. eCollection 2024 Oct 1.
Stroke poses a significant global health threat, with millions affected annually, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Current stroke risk assessment for the general population relies on markers such as demographics, blood tests, and comorbidities. A minimally invasive, clinically scalable, and cost-effective way to directly measure cerebral blood flow presents an opportunity. This opportunity has the potential to positively impact effective stroke risk assessment prevention and intervention. Physiological changes in the cerebrovascular system, particularly in response to hypercapnia and hypoxia during voluntary breath-holding can offer insights into stroke risk assessment. However, existing methods for measuring cerebral perfusion reserves, such as blood flow and blood volume changes, are limited by either invasiveness or impracticality. Herein we propose a non-invasive transcranial approach using speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) to non-invasively monitor regional changes in brain blood flow and volume during breath-holding. Our study, conducted on 50 individuals classified into two groups (low-risk and higher-risk for stroke), shows significant differences in blood dynamic changes during breath-holding between the two groups, providing physiological insights for stroke risk assessment using a non-invasive quantification paradigm. Given its cost-effectiveness, scalability, portability, and simplicity, this laser-centric tool has significant potential for early diagnosis and treatment of stroke in the general population.
中风对全球健康构成重大威胁，每年有数百万人受其影响，导致大量发病和死亡。目前针对普通人群的中风风险评估依赖于人口统计学、血液检查和合并症等指标。一种直接测量脑血流量的微创、临床可扩展且具有成本效益的方法带来了契机。这一契机有可能对有效的中风风险评估、预防和干预产生积极影响。脑血管系统的生理变化，特别是在自愿屏气期间对高碳酸血症和低氧血症的反应，可为中风风险评估提供见解。然而，现有的测量脑灌注储备的方法，如血流量和血容量变化，要么受到侵入性的限制，要么不实用。在此，我们提出一种使用散斑对比光学光谱法（SCOS）的非侵入性经颅方法，以在屏气期间非侵入性地监测脑血流量和血容量的区域变化。我们对50名分为两组（中风低风险和高风险）的个体进行的研究表明，两组在屏气期间的血液动力学变化存在显著差异，为使用非侵入性量化范式进行中风风险评估提供了生理见解。鉴于其成本效益、可扩展性、便携性和简单性，这种以激光为中心的工具在普通人群中风的早期诊断和治疗方面具有巨大潜力。
