School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Oct 29;58(43):19372-19384. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04126. Epub 2024 Oct 18.
The adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) offers multiple benefits for the climate, air quality, and public health by reducing tailpipe emissions. However, the environmental justice implications of the nonexhaust emissions from future ZEV fleets for near-roadway communities remain unclear. Here, we model the on-road fine particulate matter (PM) emissions across all California counties and assess the near-roadway exposure disparities at the census block group level in the Los Angeles County in 2050, when almost all passenger vehicles are projected to be ZEVs. We found that promoting zero-emission heavy-duty trucks generates more air quality benefits for disadvantaged communities than light-duty passenger vehicles. Persistent disparities in near-roadway PM levels, however, exist due to the remaining brake and tire wear emissions and increased truck traffic in disadvantaged communities. We recommend implementing fleet-specific ZEV policies to address brake and tire wear emissions and optimizing freight structures to address these persistent environmental justice issues in California.
采用零排放车辆 (ZEV) 通过减少尾气排放，可为气候、空气质量和公共健康带来多重益处。然而，未来 ZEV 车队的非尾气排放对近路社区的环境正义影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们对加利福尼亚州所有县的道路细颗粒物 (PM) 排放进行了建模，并评估了 2050 年洛杉矶县在人口普查街区组层面的近路暴露差异，届时几乎所有乘用车都预计将成为 ZEV。我们发现，推广零排放重型卡车比轻型乘用车为弱势社区带来更多的空气质量效益。然而，由于弱势社区的刹车和轮胎磨损排放以及卡车交通增加，近路 PM 水平仍存在持续的差异。我们建议实施特定车队的 ZEV 政策来解决刹车和轮胎磨损排放问题，并优化货运结构来解决加利福尼亚州这些持续存在的环境正义问题。
