Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Oct 19;24(1):709. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06165-5.
Previous studies have suggested a link between diet and mental health. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the association between emerging diets such as the EAT-Lancet reference diet (ELD) and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, and mental health in different societies. This study aimed to determine the association between adherence to ELD and MIND diets and the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress.
This research involved 4579 participants from the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort Study in Mashhad (POCM). To assess dietary intake, a comprehensive 118-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was employed. The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was used to assess adherence to the ELD. Mental health status was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was utilized to examine the relationship between these scores and mental health indicators.
In the adjusted model, the highest quartile of PHDI showed a 35% reduced risk of depression compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.653, 95% CI: 0.483-0.883; P = 0.008). However, compared to the reference quartile, participants in the highest quartile of MIND diet exhibited significantly lower risks of depression (OR: 0.611, 95% CI: 0.447-0.836; P = 0.005), anxiety (OR: 0.559, 95% CI: 0.418-0.746; P < 0.001), and stress (OR: 0.629, 95% CI: 0.419-0.944; P = 0.008).
The ELD and MIND diet were both associated with reduced odds of depression. Additionally, MIND diet was associated with decreased likelihood of anxiety and stress. However, no connection was observed between ELD and anxiety or stress. Further large-scale interventions are required to confirm these findings.
先前的研究表明饮食与心理健康之间存在关联。然而，对于新兴饮食（如 EAT-Lancet 参考饮食 (ELD) 和地中海- DASH 干预以延迟神经退行性变 (MIND) 饮食）与不同社会群体心理健康之间的关联，目前还缺乏证据。本研究旨在确定遵循 ELD 和 MIND 饮食与抑郁、焦虑和压力风险之间的关系。
本研究纳入了来自马什哈德的波斯组织队列研究（POCM）的 4579 名参与者。为了评估饮食摄入，采用了一份全面的 118 项半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）。使用行星健康饮食指数（PHDI）评估对 ELD 的遵循程度。使用 21 项抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS-21）问卷评估心理健康状况。采用二元逻辑回归分析这些评分与心理健康指标之间的关系。
在调整后的模型中，PHDI 的最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比，抑郁的风险降低了 35%（OR：0.653，95%CI：0.483-0.883；P=0.008）。然而，与参考四分位数相比，MIND 饮食最高四分位数的参与者抑郁的风险显著降低（OR：0.611，95%CI：0.447-0.836；P=0.005）、焦虑（OR：0.559，95%CI：0.418-0.746；P<0.001）和压力（OR：0.629，95%CI：0.419-0.944；P=0.008）。
ELD 和 MIND 饮食均与降低抑郁几率相关。此外，MIND 饮食与焦虑和压力降低有关。然而，ELD 与焦虑或压力之间没有关联。需要进一步的大规模干预来证实这些发现。
