Addressing the Health Impacts of Racism on Children and Youth: Equity Until Equality.

Race is a sociopolitical construct based on physical characteristics, not a biological construct. Racism is a system that ascribes value and resources based on the sociopolitical construct called "race." In the United States and other countries around the world, racism is associated with disparate health outcomes and shortened life expectancies. Health equity employs health-related systems (eg, health care providers, insurance companies, hospitals, research, pharmaceutical companies) across multiple sectors (eg, housing, education, business, government) to allocate resources and services to correct and promote political and social determinants associated with health and wellness. Applying health equity practices and policies ensures that each child, youth, and adult receives comprehensive, evidence-informed, culturally relevant, and needs-based services to achieve optimum health. This article provides an overview of the impact of racism embedded in systems and policies that challenge optimal health for children and youth and offers evidence-supported paths forward to advance health and wellness in the United States. Until each child and adolescent enjoys optimal and equal health outcomes, health equity practices and social justice are mandatory.