Rahmannia Sofa, Murray Kevin, Arena Gina, Hickling Siobhan
School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Nutr Res Rev. 2024 Oct 21:1-12. doi: 10.1017/S0954422424000283.
This scoping review addresses gaps in the existing literature on dietary guidelines for pregnant and lactating women globally. The study delves into adherence levels, identifies influencing factors and examines outcomes associated with these guidelines. Analysing food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) from around the world, the review reveals that half of the countries lack FBDG, with only 15% providing tailored advice for pregnant and lactating women. Utilising data extracted from forty-seven articles across MEDLINE and EMBASE, the study highlights a scarcity of adherence studies, particularly in low- or middle-income countries (LMIC), and emphasises the lack of research during lactation. Overall adherence to dietary guidelines is low, with disparities in fruit, vegetable, whole grain and fish consumption. Positive correlations with adherence include age, education, employment, social class and certain medical histories, while negative correlations involve smoking, alcohol consumption, metropolitan residence and elevated BMI. The study documented significant associations between adherence and reduced risks of gestational complications but calls for further exploration of intermediate nutritional outcomes such as micronutrient deficiencies and child growth. Emphasising the urgency for globally standardised guidelines, especially in LMIC, this review provides a foundational call for prioritised studies and strategies to enhance dietary practices for pregnant and lactating women worldwide.
本综述探讨了全球范围内关于孕妇和哺乳期妇女饮食指南的现有文献中的空白。该研究深入研究了依从水平，确定了影响因素，并考察了与这些指南相关的结果。通过分析来自世界各地的基于食物的饮食指南（FBDG），该综述发现，一半的国家缺乏FBDG，只有15%的国家为孕妇和哺乳期妇女提供了量身定制的建议。利用从MEDLINE和EMBASE数据库中47篇文章提取的数据，该研究强调了依从性研究的匮乏，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC），并强调了哺乳期研究的缺乏。总体而言，对饮食指南的依从性较低，在水果、蔬菜、全谷物和鱼类消费方面存在差异。与依从性呈正相关的因素包括年龄、教育程度、就业情况、社会阶层和某些病史，而负相关因素包括吸烟、饮酒、居住在大城市以及BMI升高。该研究记录了依从性与降低妊娠并发症风险之间的显著关联，但呼吁进一步探索中间营养结果，如微量营养素缺乏和儿童生长情况。该综述强调了全球标准化指南的紧迫性，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家，为优先开展研究和制定战略以改善全球孕妇和哺乳期妇女的饮食习惯发出了基础性呼吁。
