Almekhaini Lolowa, Awar Shamsa A, Hamad Sania Al, Almesmari Fatmah, Khaled Maha, Qasem Nehaya, Bahwan Fatima, Aburawi Elhadi H, Narchi Hassib
Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, ARE.
Obstetrics and Gynecology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, ARE.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 3;16(12):e75038. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75038. eCollection 2024 Dec.
This cross-sectional, community-based study examined the association of dietary intake of pregnant Emirati women and their pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) with maternal and neonatal outcomes.
The study was conducted at tertiary hospitals in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, where 323 pregnant women reported their weekly dietary intake using the Arabic version of the food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns (DPs) were established using factor analysis of consumed foods followed by cluster analysis. Maternal pBMI was recorded within three months of the current pregnancy.
Three hundred and twenty-three pregnant women were enrolled, with a median age of 28.6 years (range: 18-35). A high proportion were overweight (n=109, 34%) and 20.9% (n=67) were obese. Data was available for 306 infants who had a median gestational age of 38 weeks (range: 25-42), and the majority were full-term (n=255, 89.8%). The median birth weight was 3035 grams (range: 850-4185) with nine (3.8%) being small for gestational age. There were two distinct groups of maternal DPs: "natural ingredients" and "processed foods". There was no statistically significant association between DPs and maternal characteristics nor with their infants' characteristics. None of the maternal factors was significantly associated with the mode of delivery or maternal complication. Only maternal age was significantly associated with the one-minute Apgar score and the duration of neonatal stay in the hospital, while pre-pregnancy weight was significantly associated with neonatal weight Z-score, neonatal complications, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.
We found no significant difference in DPs among maternal pBMI groups nor in pregnancy or neonatal outcomes, possibly related to unmeasured confounders, such as maternal exercise, detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of macronutrient and micronutrient intake, and socioeconomic, genetic, or environmental factors. With the increasing rate of obesity and the changes in the dietary habits in our population, a periodical review of their resulting impact on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes is required to inform public health policies.
这项基于社区的横断面研究探讨了阿联酋孕妇的饮食摄入量及其孕前体重指数（pBMI）与母婴结局之间的关联。
该研究在阿拉伯联合酋长国阿布扎比的三级医院进行，323名孕妇使用阿拉伯语版食物频率问卷报告了她们每周的饮食摄入量。通过对所食用食物进行因子分析，随后进行聚类分析来确定饮食模式（DPs）。在本次妊娠的三个月内记录孕妇的pBMI。
共纳入323名孕妇，中位年龄为28.6岁（范围：18 - 35岁）。超重者比例较高（n = 109，34%），肥胖者占20.9%（n = 67）。有306名婴儿的数据可用，中位胎龄为38周（范围：25 - 42周），大多数为足月儿（n = 255，89.8%）。中位出生体重为3035克（范围：850 - 4185克），9名（3.8%）为小于胎龄儿。孕妇的饮食模式有两个不同的组：“天然食材”和“加工食品”。饮食模式与孕妇特征及其婴儿特征之间无统计学显著关联。没有任何孕妇因素与分娩方式或孕妇并发症显著相关。只有孕妇年龄与1分钟阿氏评分及新生儿住院时间显著相关，而孕前体重与新生儿体重Z评分、新生儿并发症及入住新生儿重症监护病房显著相关。
我们发现孕妇pBMI组之间的饮食模式以及妊娠或新生儿结局均无显著差异，这可能与未测量的混杂因素有关，如孕妇运动、宏量营养素和微量营养素摄入量的详细定量和定性分析以及社会经济、遗传或环境因素。随着我国肥胖率的上升和饮食习惯的改变，需要定期评估其对妊娠和新生儿结局的影响，以为公共卫生政策提供依据。
