接触性运动中脑健康的营养优化：关于长链ω-3脂肪酸与神经丝轻链的系统评价和荟萃分析
Nutritional Optimization for Brain Health in Contact Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids and Neurofilament Light.
作者信息
Heileson Jeffery L, Macartney Michael J, Watson Nora L, Sergi Tina E, Jagim Andrew R, Anthony Ryan, Peoples Gregory E
机构信息
Walter Reed National Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
出版信息
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Sep 3;8(10):104454. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104454. eCollection 2024 Oct.
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence has highlighted the acute and chronic impact of repetitive subconcussive head impacts (rSHIs) in contact sports. Neurofilament-light (Nf-L), a brain-derived biomarker of neuroaxonal injury, elevates in concert with rSHI. Recently, long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC ω-3 PUFAs) supplementation has been suggested to mitigate brain injury from rSHI as reflected by attenuation of Nf-L concentrations within contact sport athletes.
OBJECTIVE
Using a systematic review with a meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of LC ω-3 PUFA supplementation on Nf-L concentrations in athletes routinely exposed to rSHI.
METHODS
Electronic databases (PubMed and CINAHL) were searched from inception through January 2024. One-stage meta-analysis of individual participant-level data was used to detect changes in Nf-L concentrations between LC ω-3 PUFA and control/placebo (PL) groups from baseline to midseason (MS) and postseason (PS). Least square means (±SE) for Nf-L change from baseline were compared by treatment group for MS/PS using contrast t tests. Significance was set a priori at adjusted P ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
Of 460 records identified, 3 studies in collegiate American football players (n = 179; LC ω-3 PUFA = 105, PL = 71) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with PL, the change in Nf-L concentrations was statistically similar at MS [mean difference (MD) = -1.66 ± 0.82 pg·mL-1, adjusted P = 0.09] and significantly lower at PS (MD = -2.23 ± 0.83 pg·mL-1, adjusted P = 0.02) in athletes following LC ω-3 PUFA supplementation.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrate preliminary support for the prophylactic administration of LC ω-3 PUFA in contact sport athletes exposed to rSHI; however, further research is required to determine the effective dosage required.This trial was registered at OSF (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EY5QW).
背景
越来越多的证据凸显了重复性轻度脑震荡性头部撞击（rSHI）对接触性运动的急性和慢性影响。神经丝轻链（Nf-L）是一种源自大脑的神经轴突损伤生物标志物，其水平会随着rSHI而升高。最近，有人提出补充长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LC ω-3 PUFAs）可以减轻rSHI对大脑的损伤，这在接触性运动运动员中表现为Nf-L浓度的降低。
目的
通过系统评价和荟萃分析，我们旨在确定补充LC ω-3 PUFAs对经常遭受rSHI的运动员Nf-L浓度的影响。
方法
检索了从数据库建立至2024年1月的电子数据库（PubMed和CINAHL）。采用个体参与者水平数据的单阶段荟萃分析，以检测从基线到赛季中期（MS）和赛季后期（PS），LC ω-3 PUFA组与对照组/安慰剂（PL）组之间Nf-L浓度的变化。使用对比t检验，按治疗组比较MS/PS时Nf-L相对于基线变化的最小二乘均值（±SE）。显著性预先设定为调整后P≤0.05。
结果
在识别出的460条记录中，有3项针对美国大学橄榄球运动员的研究（n = 179；LC ω-3 PUFA组 = 105，PL组 = 71）被纳入荟萃分析。与PL组相比，补充LC ω-3 PUFA的运动员在MS时Nf-L浓度的变化在统计学上无显著差异[平均差异（MD） = -1.66 ± 0.82 pg·mL-1，调整后P = 0.09]，而在PS时显著更低（MD = -2.23 ± 0.83 pg·mL-1，调整后P = 0.02）。
结论
我们的研究结果为在遭受rSHI的接触性运动运动员中预防性使用LC ω-3 PUFAs提供了初步支持；然而，需要进一步研究以确定所需的有效剂量。本试验在开放科学框架（OSF）注册（DOI：https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EY5QW）。
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