ω-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸与睡眠：随机对照试验和纵向研究的系统评价和荟萃分析。
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies.
机构信息
School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
出版信息
Nutr Rev. 2021 Jul 7;79(8):847-868. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa103.
CONTEXT
Omega-3, a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), may help promote healthy sleep outcomes. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials are inconclusive.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the impact of omega-3 LC-PUFA supplementation and related dietary intervention in clinical trials as well as omega-3 LC-PUFA exposure in longitudinal studies on human's sleep-related outcome.
DATA SOURCES
The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and AMED databases were searched from inception to November 2019. Randomized controlled trials, clinical trials that included a control group, and longitudinal studies that reported the intake of omega-3 LC-PUFA and sleep-related outcomes were included.
STUDY SELECTION
A total of 20 studies with 12 clinical trials and 8 longitudinal studies were identified for inclusion.
DATA EXTRACTION
Participant characteristics, study location, intervention information, and sleep-related outcome measurements were reported. Included studies were appraised with Cochrane risk-of-bias tools and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95%CIs were pooled with fixed or random effect models.
RESULTS
Omega-3 LC-PUFA may improve infants' sleep organization and maturity. It reduced the percentage of infants' active sleep (WMD = -8.40%; 95%CI, -14.50 to -2.29), sleep-wake transition (WMD = -1.15%; 95%CI, -2.09 to -0.20), and enhanced the percentage of wakefulness (WMD = 9.06%; 95%CI, 1.53-16.59) but had no effect on quiet sleep. Omega-3 reduced children's total sleep disturbance score for those with clinical-level sleep problems (WMD = -1.81; 95%CI, -3.38 to -0.23) but had no effect on healthy children's total sleep duration, sleep latency, or sleep efficiency. No effectiveness was found in adults' total sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep quality, or insomnia severity.
CONCLUSION
Omega-3 LC-PUFA may improve certain aspects of sleep health throughout childhood. Additional robust studies are warranted to confirm the relationship between omega-3 LC-PUFA and sleep.
背景
ω-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）可能有助于促进健康的睡眠结果。然而，来自随机对照试验的证据尚无定论。
目的
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是探讨临床研究中ω-3 LC-PUFA 补充剂和相关饮食干预以及纵向研究中 ω-3 LC-PUFA 暴露对人类睡眠相关结果的影响。
数据来源
从开始到 2019 年 11 月，检索了 PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane 图书馆、CINAHL 和 AMED 数据库。纳入了包括对照组的随机对照试验、临床试验和报告 ω-3 LC-PUFA 摄入量和睡眠相关结果的纵向研究。
研究选择
共确定了 20 项研究，其中包括 12 项临床试验和 8 项纵向研究。
数据提取
报告了参与者特征、研究地点、干预信息和睡眠相关结果测量。使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具和 Newcastle-Ottawa 量表对纳入的研究进行了评估。使用固定或随机效应模型汇总加权均数差（WMD）和 95%CI。
结果
ω-3 LC-PUFA 可能改善婴儿的睡眠组织和成熟度。它降低了婴儿活跃睡眠时间的百分比（WMD=-8.40%；95%CI，-14.50 至-2.29）、睡眠-觉醒转换（WMD=-1.15%；95%CI，-2.09 至-0.20），并增加了清醒时间的百分比（WMD=9.06%；95%CI，1.53-16.59），但对安静睡眠没有影响。对于有临床水平睡眠问题的儿童，ω-3 降低了他们的总睡眠障碍评分（WMD=-1.81；95%CI，-3.38 至-0.23），但对健康儿童的总睡眠时间、睡眠潜伏期或睡眠效率没有影响。在成年人中，总睡眠时间、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠效率、睡眠质量或失眠严重程度均无效果。
结论
ω-3 LC-PUFA 可能在整个儿童期改善某些方面的睡眠健康。需要更多强有力的研究来证实 ω-3 LC-PUFA 与睡眠之间的关系。
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