Viveiros Fátima, Silva Catarina
Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos (IVAR), Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
iScience. 2024 Sep 19;27(10):110990. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110990. eCollection 2024 Oct 18.
Volcanic CO diffuse degassing can impact infrastructure, soils, vegetation, microbiota, fauna, and human health. These impacts include acidification of soils, leading to sparse or absent vegetation and changes in microbiota types. Most of the study sites in this review are areas of quiescent volcanism, where soil CO emissions is a permanent and silent hazard. Lethal indoor and outdoor CO concentrations measured in different regions of the world (Azores, Aeolian and Canary Islands, Colli Albani, Methana, Massif Central, Mammoth Mountain, Nyiragongo, Nyamulagira, and Rotorua volcanoes) are associated with the asphyxia and death of humans and other fauna (e.g., birds, reptiles, cows, elephants, and dogs). To address the hazard posed by volcanic CO diffuse degassing, we suggest mitigation measures including mandatory CO hazard maps for land-use planning, "gas-resistant" construction codes, ventilation mechanisms, monitoring and early warning systems, along with educational campaigns to reduce the gas exposure risks.
火山二氧化碳的扩散性脱气会影响基础设施、土壤、植被、微生物群、动物群以及人类健康。这些影响包括土壤酸化，导致植被稀疏或缺失以及微生物类型的变化。本综述中的大多数研究地点都是火山活动平静的地区，土壤二氧化碳排放是一种长期且无声的危害。在世界不同地区（亚速尔群岛、伊奥利亚群岛和加那利群岛、阿尔巴尼丘陵、迈锡尼、中央高原、猛犸山、尼拉贡戈火山、尼亚穆拉吉拉火山和罗托鲁阿火山）测得的致命室内和室外二氧化碳浓度与人类和其他动物（如鸟类、爬行动物、牛、大象和狗）的窒息和死亡有关。为应对火山二氧化碳扩散性脱气带来的危害，我们建议采取缓解措施，包括用于土地利用规划的强制性二氧化碳危害地图、“抗气”建筑规范、通风机制、监测和预警系统，以及开展教育活动以降低气体暴露风险。
