Therman E, Sarto G E, Kuhn E M
Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1986 Jan 15;19(3-4):301-10. doi: 10.1016/0165-4608(86)90059-2.
The course of endomitosis in human hydatidiform moles has been analyzed. It differs from the classical description of endomitosis in that endoprophase is completely missing and, very probably, so is a typical interphase. The chromosomes are even less synchronized in their replication and condensation cycle than in normal mitosis. At no point do all chromosomes decondense, but a part remains condensed while others are extended and in the process of synthesizing DNA. Even two paired sister chromosomes may replicate nonsynchronously. The latest replicating chromosome is usually a large darkly staining chromosome, which we tentatively identify as the inactive X. No DNA synthesis takes place during "endometaphase" or "endoanaphase" stages, when the chromosomes are most condensed. Some polyploid "endoanaphases" or "endotelophases" with stretched out chromosomes obviously represent end-stages of the endomitotic pathway, and the nuclei are in the process of reverting into evenly stained nuclei. In some "endometaphases," a near-haploid number of chromosomes can be counted. In others, the endochromosomes seem to be compound structures consisting of several chromosomes that have not separated during the previous endomitoses. This is seen also in normal trophoblast and cervical cancer. In large cancer cells, such bundles can be seen in the process of falling into individual chromosomes.
对人类葡萄胎中核内有丝分裂的过程进行了分析。它与核内有丝分裂的经典描述不同，在于核内前期完全缺失，而且很可能典型的间期也不存在。染色体在复制和凝聚周期中的同步性甚至比正常有丝分裂时更低。在任何时候，并非所有染色体都解聚，而是一部分保持凝聚状态，而其他染色体则伸展并处于DNA合成过程中。甚至两条配对的姐妹染色体也可能不同步复制。最晚复制的染色体通常是一条大的深染染色体，我们初步将其鉴定为失活的X染色体。在染色体最为凝聚的“核内中期”或“核内后期”阶段不发生DNA合成。一些染色体伸展的多倍体“核内后期”或“核内末期”显然代表核内有丝分裂途径的终末阶段，并且细胞核正在恢复为均匀染色的细胞核。在一些“核内中期”，可以数出接近单倍体数目的染色体。在其他情况下，核内染色体似乎是复合结构，由在前几次核内有丝分裂期间未分离的几条染色体组成。这在正常滋养层细胞和宫颈癌中也可见到。在大的癌细胞中，可以看到这样的染色体束正在分离成单个染色体。
