Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
J Res Health Sci. 2024 Sep 30;24(4):e00629. doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.164.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexual transmitted disease and Pap smears and HPV testing are crucial for early detection. Advancements in HPV testing improve accuracy, but optimal screening strategies are still debated. This cross-sectional study explores HPV genotypes and predictors of infection among Iranian women undergoing gynecological screening. A retrospective cross-sectional study.
Women undergoing their initial cervical screening enrolled in this study. Cervical cytology samples for Pap smear analysis were collected from women referred to the genetic laboratory of Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, during gynecological visits, adhering to standardized liquid-based cytology protocols. These samples were obtained over a one-year period since January 2023. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.0, with a significance level set at <0.05.
A total of 328 women enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 36±11 years and the overall HPV prevalence was 37.5% (n=123). Among HPV-positive women, nearly half (48.7%) had a single HPV genotype. Genotypes 6 (13%), 16 (12.3%), and 53 (6.7%) were the most prevalent types. Notably, high-risk HPV genotypes (16 and 18 among all) were identified in one-fourth of the study population. Women with endocervical/transformation zone cells had 25% higher odds of having HPV infection, and having mild, moderate, and severe inflammation increased the odds of having HPV infection by 14%, 11%, and 20%, respectively.
The considerably high prevalence of HPV infection highlights the significance of HPV prevention programs in this population. Neither bacterial vaginosis nor candida infection showed a direct link to HPV positivity.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是最常见的性传播疾病，巴氏涂片和 HPV 检测对于早期发现至关重要。HPV 检测的进步提高了准确性，但最佳筛查策略仍存在争议。本横断面研究探讨了伊朗女性在妇科筛查中 HPV 基因型和感染的预测因素。
本研究纳入了接受初始宫颈筛查的女性。在妇科就诊时，从转诊至霍拉桑拉扎维学术教育文化研究中心（ACECR）遗传实验室的女性中收集宫颈细胞学样本进行巴氏涂片分析，遵循标准化的液基细胞学方案。这些样本是在 2023 年 1 月以来的一年中获得的。使用 SPSS 版本 21.0 进行统计分析，显著性水平设为<0.05。
共有 328 名女性参与了本研究。参与者的平均年龄为 36±11 岁，总 HPV 患病率为 37.5%（n=123）。在 HPV 阳性女性中，近一半（48.7%）仅有单一 HPV 基因型。最常见的基因型为 6（13%）、16（12.3%）和 53（6.7%）。值得注意的是，研究人群中有四分之一的人携带高危 HPV 基因型（16 和 18 型）。宫颈/转化区细胞的女性感染 HPV 的几率增加 25%，轻度、中度和重度炎症感染 HPV 的几率分别增加 14%、11%和 20%。
HPV 感染的相当高患病率突出了在该人群中实施 HPV 预防计划的重要性。细菌性阴道病和念珠菌感染与 HPV 阳性均无直接关系。
