Prajapati Anil Kumar, Shah Gaurang
Pharmacology Department, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
Research Scholar, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382424, India.
Egypt Heart J. 2024 Oct 21;76(1):141. doi: 10.1186/s43044-024-00568-1.
Heart failure (HF) is a condition characterized by the heart's inability to meet the body's demands, resulting in various complications. Two primary types of HF exist, namely HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and HF reduced with LVEF. The progression of HF involves compensatory mechanisms such as cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and alterations in gene expression. Pressure overload and volume overload are common etiologies of HF, with pressure overload often stemming from conditions like hypertension, leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. In contrast, volume overload can arise from chronic valvular regurgitant disease, also inducing left ventricular hypertrophy.
In vitro cell culture techniques serve as vital tools in studying HF pathophysiology, allowing researchers to investigate cellular responses and potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, biomarkers, measurable biological characteristics, play a crucial role in diagnosing and predicting HF. Some notable biomarkers include adrenomedullin, B-type natriuretic peptide, copeptin, galectin-3, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, myostatin, procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide, procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). These biomarkers aid in HF diagnosis, assessing its severity, and monitoring treatment response, contributing to a deeper understanding of the disease and potentially leading to improved management strategies and outcomes.
This review provides comprehensive insights into various in vivo models of HF, commonly utilized cell lines in HF research, and pivotal biomarkers with diagnostic relevance for HF. By synthesizing this information, researchers gain valuable resources to further explore HF pathogenesis, identify novel therapeutic targets, and enhance diagnostic and prognostic approaches.
心力衰竭（HF）是一种心脏无法满足身体需求的病症，会导致各种并发症。心力衰竭主要有两种类型，即左心室射血分数（LVEF）保留的心力衰竭和LVEF降低的心力衰竭。心力衰竭的进展涉及心脏肥大、纤维化和基因表达改变等代偿机制。压力超负荷和容量超负荷是心力衰竭的常见病因，压力超负荷通常源于高血压等病症，导致左心室肥大和纤维化。相比之下，容量超负荷可由慢性瓣膜反流性疾病引起，也会诱发左心室肥大。
体外细胞培养技术是研究心力衰竭病理生理学的重要工具，使研究人员能够研究细胞反应和潜在的治疗靶点。此外，生物标志物，即可测量的生物学特征，在心力衰竭的诊断和预测中起着关键作用。一些值得注意的生物标志物包括肾上腺髓质素、B型利钠肽、 copeptin、半乳糖凝集素-3、白细胞介素-6、基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）、中段心房利钠肽前体、肌肉生长抑制素、I型前胶原C端前肽、III型前胶原N端前肽和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMPs）。这些生物标志物有助于心力衰竭的诊断、评估其严重程度以及监测治疗反应，有助于更深入地了解该疾病，并可能带来改进的管理策略和治疗结果。
本综述全面深入地探讨了各种心力衰竭体内模型、心力衰竭研究中常用的细胞系以及与心力衰竭诊断相关的关键生物标志物。通过综合这些信息，研究人员获得了宝贵的资源，可进一步探索心力衰竭的发病机制、确定新的治疗靶点，并加强诊断和预后方法。
